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Patho 2 Exam 2
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment
Mechanism
Destruction of Connective Tissue and Synovial Membrane
Signs and Symptoms
Inflammation of Joints
Morning Stiffness
Nodules
Joint Deformities
1 min
Rheumatoid Arthritis Interventions
Lifestyle Modifications
Heat and Cold Applications
Therapeutic Exercise
Balance Rest and Activity
Drug Therapy
NSAIDs
DMARDs
Glucocorticoids
Considerations
PT/OT
Reconstructive Joint Surgery
2 mins
Humoral Adaptive Immunity
Characteristics
B Cell Binds Free Floating Antigen
B Cell Presents Antigen to Helper T Cell
Helper T Cells Help B Cells Develop Antigen Specificity
Plasma B Cells Secrete Antibodies
Memory B Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
2 mins
Innate Immunity Cellular Response
Characteristics
Natural Killer Lymphocytes Attack Abnormal Cells
Neutrophils in Blood
Infected Cells Release Interferon
Complement Proteins Lyse Pathogens/Infected Cells
Dendritic Cells in Tissue
Macrophages in Tissue
2 mins
Immune System Tissues
Characteristics
Bone Marrow
B Cells and T Cells Formed
B Cells Mature
Thymus
T Cells Tested For Self-Response
T Cells Mature
Lymph Nodes
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Lymph For Pathogens
Spleen
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Blood For Pathogens
Histamine Dilates and Increases Capillary Permeability
Macrophages Engulf Pathogens
Macrophage Signals Cells With Cytokines
Responding Neutrophils Cross Capillary Wall
B And T Lymphocytes Arrive At Injury Site
2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Interventions
Avoid Sunlight
Drug Therapy
Glucocorticoids
Methotrexate
NSAIDs
Hydroxychloroquine
Azathioprine
Considerations
Monitor for Renal Failure (ARF)
Manage Pain
2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Assessment
Mechanism
Multisystem Inflammatory Disorder
Assessment
Malar Rash
Discoid Rash
Arrhythmias
Arthritis
Hemolytic Anemia
Seizures
Glomerulonephritis
Considerations
Periods of Exacerbation and Remission
Diagnosed by ANA (Anti-nuclear antibody assay)
2 mins
Atopic Dermatitis / Eczema
Presentation
Pruritic Vesicles
Inflammatory Skin Rash
Cheeks in Children
Skin Flexural Areas
Associated with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis
Treatment
Tacrolimus
Moisturizers
Corticosteroids
Phototherapy
Avoid Triggers
Antihistamines
2 mins
Hypersensitivity Type I
Previous Antigen Exposure
Immediate Reaction
IgE Cross-linking
Presensitized Mast Cells
Histamine Release
Vasodilation
Anaphylaxis
Allergies
Treatment
Epinephrine
1 min
Hypersensitivity Type II
Cytotoxic
IgM or IgG antibody-mediated
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Mechanism
Opsonization
Complement Activation
NK Cells
Testing
Direct Coombs test
Indirect Coombs Test
1 min
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
T Cell Mediated
Antibody Independant
Macrophages Activated
Examples
Transplant Rejection
PPD Skin Test
Contact Dermatitis
1 min
Schizophrenia Assessment
Positive Symptoms
Hallucinations
Delusions
Associative Looseness
Negative Symptoms
Flat Affect
Poverty of Thought
Absence of Something that Should be Present
Cognitive Symptoms
Illogical Thinking
Impaired Judgment and Memory
Affective Symptoms
Dysphoria
2 mins
Schizophrenia Interventions
Drug Therapy
Antipsychotics
Interventions
Build Trust
Assistance with Self-care
Reality Testing
Monitor for Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Monitor for Tardive Dyskinesia
Family Therapy
2 mins
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