Catriona Shared "Created" - 41 Picmonics
With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
Created
Scleroderma (CREST)
- CREST
- Calcinosis
- Raynaud's phenomenon
- Esophageal dysmotility
- Sclerodactyly
- Telangiectasias
- Diagnostic Tests
- Anticentromere antibodies
- Small Calcium Deposits in Soft Tissues of Hands and Elbows
- Fingertip Ulcers
- Atrophy and Fibrous Replacement of Muscularis
- GERD
RNA polymerases
- RNA polymerase 1 makes rRNA
- RNA polymerase 2 makes mRNA
- RNA polymerase 3 makes tRNA
- Alpha Amanitin inhibits RNA pol 2
- Nucleolus Transcribes RRNA
- Rifampin inhibits RNA pol in prokaryotes
- Actinomycin D Inhibits RNA pol in pro and eukaryotes
- Rampant, Massive, Tiny
Menetrier Disease
- Hyperplasia of foveolar epithelium (gastric mucus producing cells)
- Enlarged Rugae
- Stomach looks like brain gyri
- Increased Mucus and Decreased acid
- TGF-Alpha
- Protein Loss
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Peripheral Edema
- Also called hypoproteinemic hypertrophic gastropathy
Leydig and Sertoli cell tumor
- Reinke Crystals
- Sex Cord-Stromal tumor
- Produce Androgens
- Female Pseudohermaphroditism (Virilization) and Hirsutism
Osteomalacia and Rickets
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Decreased Calcium (Ca2+)
- Increased Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- Decreased Calcium and Decreased Phosphate
- Hyperactivity of osteoblasts
- Alkaline Environment
- High Alkaline Phosphatase
- Defective mineralization/calcification
- Rachitic rosary
- Osteopenia on xray
- Craniotabes (soft skull)
- Vague weakness and fatigue
Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD)
- Autosomal recessive
- Defect in fatty acid oxidation
- Accumulation of 8-10 carbon fatty acyl carnitines
- Hypoketotic Hypoglycemia
- Presents in early infancy (sometimes later) as vomiting, lethargy, seizures, and coma
- Urea cycle disorder inhibited due to low ATP
- Increase in Ammonia
- Minor illness can lead to death
- Avoid Fasting
- Hypoglycemia induces glucagon release which increases plasma fatty acids
- dicarboxylic aciduria
Forebrain (prosencephalon)
- Telencepalon
- Forebrain (prosencephalon) goes to Telencephalon
- Telencephalon goes to Cerebral Hemispheres
- Telencephalon goes to Lateral Ventricles
- Also basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala
- Diencephalon
- Forebrain (prosencephalon) goes to Diencephalon
- Thalamus
- Also goes to Hypothalamus and optic nerves
- 3rd ventricle
Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
- Mesencephalon goes to midbrain
- Mesencephalon goes to aqueduct
Hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
- Metencephalon
- Hindbrain (rhombencephalon) goes to Metencephalon
- Metencephalon goes to pons and cerebellum
- Upper part of the 4th ventricle
- Myelencephalon
- Hindbrain (rhombencephalon) goes to Myelencephalon
- Goes to medulla
- Lower part of the 4th ventricle
Anterior hypothalamus
- Cools the body
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
Nucleus Solitarius
- CN VII
- CN IX
- CN X
- Visceral sensory information
Nucleus Ambiguus
- CN IX
- CN X
- Cranial portion of CN XI
- Motor information
Cranial Nerve Lesions
- Toward side of lesion
- CN V motor lesion
- CN XII lesion
- Away from side of lesion
- CN X
- Both
- CN XI
Cingulate (subfalcine)
- Can Compress the Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Cingulate gyrus can be affected
- Contralateral Leg Weakness
Transtentorial (Uncal) Herniation
- Compresses
- Ipsilateral CN III leading to a down and out gaze
- Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
- Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopia with macular sparing
- Contralateral corticospinal tract in midbrain leading to crus cerebri
- Advanced stages can lead to Duret Hemorrhage
Downward Transtentorial (Central) Herniation
- Rupture of the paramedian Basilar Artery branches
- Duret Hemorrhage
- Usually fatal
Hemoglobin C
- Glutamic acid replaced by Lysine
- Autosomal recessive
- Mild Anemia
- HbC crystals
- Target Cells
Myocardial Infarction changes
- We Can Never Master Grandfather Farve
- Cause All Footballers are Ruined Over Aneurysms
- Number 4
Femoral Triangle
- VAN
- Direct Hernia is medial
- Indirect hernias are lateral
- Femoral
- Transversalis Fascia Weakness
- Older Males
- Patent Processus Vaginalis
- More Common in Male Infants
- Lymphatics
- Femoral Sheath
Renal Osteodystrophy
- Hypocalcemia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Failure of Vitamin D hydroxylation Leading to Vitamin D Deficiency
- Subperiosteal thinning of bone
- Calcifications
- Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
