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B7 Exam 1
Erythropoietin
Mechanism
Stimulates RBC Production
Indications
Chronic Renal Failure
Anemia
Side Effects
Increased Risk of Thrombosis
Pelvic and Limb Pain
Hypertension
Considerations
Do Not Shake
Monitor Hemoglobin (Hgb) Weekly
May Accelerate Tumor Progression
2 mins
Hydroxyurea
Mechanism
Inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase
Decreased DNA Synthesis
S-phase Specific
Indications
Melanoma
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Sickle Cell Disease
Through Increased HbF (Fetal Hemoglobin)
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
GI Distress
2 mins
Plasmodium General
Characteristics
Protozoa
Malaria
Anopheles Mosquito
Signs and Symptoms
Cyclic Fever
Headache
Anemia
Splenomegaly
Diagnosis
Blood Smear
Treatment
Chloroquine
Mefloquine for Resistant Types
3 mins
Plasmodium Specific
Malariae
Fever Every Three Days
Vivax/Ovale
Fever Every Two Days
Duffy Antigen Binding Site
Duffy often absent in Black Population
Primaquine treats dormant form in liver
Falciparum
Most severe
Irregular Cycles
Occludes capillaries in the brain, kidneys, and lungs
4 mins
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
Mechanism
Glucocorticoid
Indications
Inflammatory Conditions
Organ Transplant Rejection
Side Effects
Cataracts and Glaucoma
Cushing's Syndrome
Osteoporosis
Immunosuppression
Hyperglycemia
Ulcers
Considerations
Adrenal Insufficiency
Taper Gradually
2 mins
Methotrexate
Indications
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Cancer
Medical Abortion
Mechanism
Folic Acid Analog
Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase
Side Effects
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Myelosuppression is Treated with Leucovorin Rescue (Folinic Acid)
Macrocytic Anemia
Hepatitis
Teratogenic
Mucositis
2 mins
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Mechanism
Antimetabolite
"Thymine-less Death"
Indications
Slow-growing Solid Tumors
Co-administered with Leucovorin for Stomach Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma (Topical)
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Severe Diarrhea
3 mins
Vincristine (Oncovin)
Mechanism
Vinca Alkaloid
Inhibits Microtubules
Indications
Leukemias
Lymphomas
Side Effects
Peripheral Neuropathy
Paralytic Ileus
Considerations
Vesicant
2 mins
Cyclophosphamide
Mechanism
Requires Bioactivation by Liver
Cross-links DNA
Guanine N7 Position
Indications
Autoimmune Disorders
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Solid Tumors
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Prevent with Mesna
3 mins
Etoposide
Indications
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Testicular Cancer
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Topoisomerase II
Errors in DNA Synthesis Cause Apoptosis
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
Alopecia
Hypotension
Nausea and Vomiting
2 mins
Busulfan
Indications
CML
Bone Marrow Ablation
Mechanism
Cross-Links DNA
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Hyperpigmentation
55 secs
Cisplatin
Indications
Carcinomas
Ovarian
Bladder
Lung
Testicular
Mechanism
Cross-Links DNA
Side Effects
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Treat with Amifostine and Chloride Diuresis
2 mins
Bleomycin
Indications
Testicular Cancer
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Mechanism of Action
Induces Free Radical Formation
Breaks in DNA Strands
Side Effects
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Skin Changes
Mucositis
1 min
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Indications
Solid Tumors
Lymphomas and Leukemias
Mechanism
Free Radical Production
Intercalates DNA
Prevents Double Helix from Sealing
Side Effect
Cardiotoxicity
Dexrazoxane Decreases Toxicity
1 min
Dactinomycin (Actinomycin D)
Indications
Wilms' Tumor
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ewing's Sarcoma
Gestational Trophoblastic Malignancy
Mechanism
Intercalates DNA
Side Effect
Myelosuppression
1 min
Tamoxifen
Mechanism of Action
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Antagonist on Breast Tissue
Indications
ER-positive Breast Cancer
Side Effects
Decreased Risk of Osteoporosis
Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
1 min
Aromatase Inhibitors
Indications
Estrogen Receptor-positive (ER+) Breast Tumors
Systemic Metastases
Drugs
Reversible, non-steroid
Letrozole
Anastrozole
Irreversible, steroid
Exemestane
Side Effects
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
1 min
Trastuzumab
Indications
HER-2+ Breast Cancer
Stomach Cancer
Mechanism
Monoclonal Antibody Against HER-2
Inhibition of Cellular Signaling
Cytotoxicity
Side effects
Cardiotoxicity
1 min
Bevacizumab Mechanisms and Indications
Mechanisms
Monoclonal Antibody to VEGF
Inhibits Angiogenesis (and Vasculogenesis)
Indications
Capillaries Grow CORN (CG-CORN acronym)
Colorectal Cancer
Glioblastoma
Cervical Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Age-related Macular Degeneration
2 mins
Bevacizumab Side Effects
Impaired (Delayed) Wound Healing
Hemorrhage
Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
GI Perforation
Thromboembolic Event
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
1 min
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