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Carol Shared "Fundamentals: Nutrition Ch. 23" - 14 Picmonics

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Fundamentals: Nutrition Ch. 23

Vitamin A (Retinol)
Mechanism
Maintains Mucous Membranes
Eyes and Skin
Indications
Dietary Deficiency
Skin Disorders
Side Effects
Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice
Increased ICP
Vomiting
Considerations
Teratogen
Animal Food Products
Dark Green and Orange Fruits/Vegetables
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2 mins
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Mechanism
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Indications
Dietary Deficiency
Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Considerations
Alcoholics Highest Risk
Give Before Glucose
Give IM or IV
Enriched Whole Grains
Pork
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2 mins
Vitamin B3 - Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
Mechanism
Decreases Triglycerides
Decreases LDL
Increases HDL
Indications
Dyslipidemia
Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Side Effects
Flushing
GI Distress
Hepatotoxicity
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2 mins
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Mechanism
Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism
Heme Synthesis
Neurotransmitters
Indications
Adjunct to Isoniazid
Dietary Deficiency
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Side Effects
Ataxia
Peripheral Neuropathy
Contraindications
Levodopa
Considerations
Cereals and Meats
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3 mins
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
Mechanism
Vitamin B12
Indications
Vitamin Deficiency
Pernicious Anemia
Side Effects
Hypokalemia
Arthralgia
Dizziness
Considerations
IM Injection for Pernicious Anemia
Never Give IV
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2 mins
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Mechanism
Antioxidant
Collagen Formation
Steroid Synthesis
Indications
Dietary Deficiency
Scurvy
Side Effects
GI Distress
Considerations
Citrus Fruits
May Improve Healing
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2 mins
Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
Mechanism
Vitamin D2
Indications
Hypoparathyroidism
Rickets
Hypophosphatemia
Side Effects
Fatigue
Constipation
Hypercalcemia
Kidney Stones
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2 mins
Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol)
Mechanism
Antioxidant
Indications
Fat Malabsorption Syndrome
Alpha-TTP Deficiency
Side Effects
Bleeding
Considerations
Increased Risk Hemorrhagic Stroke
Limit Doses < 200 IU per Day
Nuts and Whole Grains
Vegetable Oils
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2 mins
Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
Mechanism
Synthesizes Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X
Indications
Hypoprothrombinemia
Newborn Prophylaxis
Bleeding from Warfarin Overdose
Side Effects
Shock
Kernicterus
Cardiac Arrest
Considerations
Bile Salts required for Intestinal Absorption
Increased Risks with IV Administration
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2 mins
Iron (Ferrous Sulfate)
Mechanism
Ferrous Salts
Indications
Anemia
Side Effects
GI Distress
Nausea and Vomiting
Dark Stools
Considerations
Take Between Meals
Liquid can Stain Teeth
Keep out of Reach from Children
Caution with GI Disorders
Avoid Antacids
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3 mins
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Mechanism
Nutrition Given Outside GI
Side Effects
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Refeeding Syndrome
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Slow IV Infusion
Use Large Central Vein
No Added Meds to TPN Line
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2 mins
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
Mechanism
Vitamin D3
Indications
Dietary Supplement
Vitamin D Deficiency
Side Effects
Fatigue
Constipation
Hypercalcemia
Kidney Stones
Considerations
More Effective Than Ergocalciferol
Hypervitaminosis D
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2 mins
Kwashiorkor
Protein Deficiency
Swollen Belly
MEALS
Malnutrition
Edema
Anemia
Liver Malfunction
Skin Lesions
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2 mins
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Characteristics
-statin Suffix
Mechanism
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Indications
High Cholesterol
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
Rash
Rhabdomyolysis
Myopathy
Considerations
Monitor Liver Enzymes
Administer at Bedtime
Avoid Grapefruit
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2 mins

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