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NURS 1100 Week 12: Immunity & Infection
Humoral Adaptive Immunity
Characteristics
B Cell Binds Free Floating Antigen
B Cell Presents Antigen to Helper T Cell
Helper T Cells Help B Cells Develop Antigen Specificity
Plasma B Cells Secrete Antibodies
Memory B Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
2 mins
Inflammatory Response
Pathogens Infect Tissue
Mast Cells Release Histamine
Histamine Dilates and Increases Capillary Permeability
Macrophages Engulf Pathogens
Macrophage Signals Cells With Cytokines
Responding Neutrophils Cross Capillary Wall
B And T Lymphocytes Arrive At Injury Site
2 mins
Immune System Tissues
Characteristics
Bone Marrow
B Cells and T Cells Formed
B Cells Mature
Thymus
T Cells Tested For Self-Response
T Cells Mature
Lymph Nodes
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Lymph For Pathogens
Spleen
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Blood For Pathogens
1 min
Innate Immunity Cellular Response
Characteristics
Natural Killer Lymphocytes Attack Abnormal Cells
Neutrophils in Blood
Infected Cells Release Interferon
Complement Proteins Lyse Pathogens/Infected Cells
Dendritic Cells in Tissue
Macrophages in Tissue
2 mins
Innate Immunity Barriers
Skin Protects Against Pathogens
Normal Flora Outcompete Pathogens
Lysozyme in Saliva, Tears, and Mucus
Mucous Traps Pathogens
Cilia Remove Mucus
Acid and Digestive Enzymes in the Stomach Kill Pathogens
2 mins
Cell-mediated Adaptive Immune Response
Characteristics
Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Present Antigens
T Cell Develops Antigen Specificity
Regulatory T Cells Suppress Response
Memory T Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
Cytotoxic T Cells Lyse Infected Cells
Infected Cells Present Antigen On Surface
2 mins
Whole Blood Composition
Characteristics
Plasma
Electrolytes And Other Solutes
Proteins
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins
Water
Formed Elements
Buffy Coat
White Blood Cells (WBC)
Platelets
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
2 mins
WBC Differential Lab Value
White Blood Cells (WBC)
5-10 (5,000-10,000)
Leukocyte Differential
Neutrophils (50%-70%)
Bands (2%-5%)
Segs (50%-70%)
Lymphocytes (20%-40%)
Monocytes (4%-8%)
Eosinophils (2%-4%)
Basophils (0.5%-1.5%)
2 mins
Standard Precautions
Hand Hygiene
Wash In / Wash Out
Alcohol-Based Hand Rub
Hand Washing
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gown
Face Mask
Goggles/Face Shield
Gloves
Donning and Removing PPE
Discard Sharps in Puncture-Resistant Container
Cough Etiquette
2 mins
Contact Precautions
Private Room
Wash In / Wash Out
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves
Gown
Limit Time Patient Leaves Room
Leave Equipment In Room
Special Linen Handling
Same Pathogen, Same Room
History of Contact Isolation
Preventative Education
2 mins
Droplet-Airborne Precautions
Private Room
Droplet
Droplets Larger than 5 Microns
Being Within 3 Feet of Patient
Surgical Mask with Face Shield
Type of Infection or Condition
Airborne
Airborne Infection Isolation Room (AIIR)
Droplets Smaller than 5 Microns
N95 Respirator
Type of Infection or Condition
2 mins
Fever
Flushed skin, warm to touch
Chills
Sweating
Change in LOC
Provide adequate fluids
Monitor Electrolytes and Fluid
Monitor vital signs, esp temperature
Remove excess clothing and blankets
Sponge bath with tepid water
2 mins
Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms
More Common in Elderly
Most Common in Females and Babies
Change in LOC
Dehydration
Fever
Urgency
Urethral Infection
Burning
Smelly Urine
Dark Cloudy Urine
Frequency of Urination
2 mins
Pediatric Vaccinations - Age 2 Months
2 B DR HIP
Hepatitis B
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular Pertussis
RV - Rotavirus
HiB - Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
PCV - Pneumococcal
1 min
Pediatric Vaccinations - Age 4 Months
4 DR HIP
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular pertussis
RV - Rotavirus
HiB - Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
PCV - Pneumococcal
1 min
Pediatric Vaccinations - Age 6 Months
B DR HIP In 6 Months
Hepatitis B
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular pertussis
RV - Rotavirus
HiB - Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
PCV - Pneumococcal
Influenza
2 mins
Pediatric Vaccinations - Age 12 to 15 Months
1 Very MAD HIP-ster
Varicella Zoster
MMR
Hepatitis A
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular pertussis
HiB - Haemophilus Influenzae Type B
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
PCV - Pneumococcal
2 mins
Pediatric Vaccinations Age 4-6 Years
Very DIM between 4-6pm
Varicella Zoster
DTaP - Diphtheria Tetanus acellular pertussis
IPV - Inactivated Polio Vaccine
MMR
1 min
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention and Treatment
Prevention
Shower after Sex
Urinate after Sex
Wipe front to Back
Treatments and Considerations
I and Os with Daily Weights
Increase Water Intake
Antibiotics
Avoid Caffeine
Dr Appointment in 2 Weeks
Void every 2 - 4 hours
2 mins
Antibiotics Overview
Cell Wall Inhibitors
Cell Wall Inhibitors
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Glycopeptides
Carbapenems (Imipenem & Meropenem)
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Tetracyclines
Linezolid
Chloramphenicol
Other
Fluoroquinolones
Sulfonamides
4 mins
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