Jennifer Shared "Peds Midterm - Shiza" - 61 Picmonics
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High-pitched Holosystolic Murmer (over left sternal border)
Dyspnea and Respiratory Distress
Loud Pulmonic S2
Diagnosis
Echocardiogram
Treatment
Small VSDs Close Spontaneously
Large VSDs Require Surgery
Complications
Endocarditis
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
CHF
2 mins
Coarctation of The Aorta
Pathophysiology
Constriction of a Portion of Aorta
Turner Syndrome
Symptoms
Asymptomatic Hypertension
BP Higher in Upper Extremities, Right Arm
CHF
Diagnosis
Echocardiogram
Cardiac Catheterization
3 Sign on Chest X-Ray
Rib Notching
Treatment
Surgical Correction
2 mins
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Continuous
Machine like murmur
Often Due to Congenital Rubella
Prematurity
1 min
Transposition of Great Vessels
Pathophysiology
Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation are in Parallel
Incompatible with Life Without a Shunt
Symptoms
Severe Cyanosis at Birth
Single S2 sound
Diagnosis
Echocardiogram
Chest X-ray shows "Egg-shaped Silhouette"
Treatment
Prostaglandin
Avoid NSAIDs
Surgical Correction
Balloon Atrial Septostomy
2 mins
Left-to-Right Heart Shunts
The 3 Ds
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
PDA
Associations
Later Cyanosis
Clubbing
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
2 mins
Right to Left Heart Shunts
The 5 Ts
Truncus Arteriosus
Transposition of the Great Vessels
Tricuspid Atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
Associations
Cyanosis at Birth
May Require PDA
1 min
Otitis Media Assessment
Red or Bulging Tympanic Membrane
Ear Pain
Pulling at Ear
Fever
Upper Respiratory Infection
Considerations
More Common in Young Children
Eustachian Tube Narrower
Conductive Hearing Loss
Smoking Increases Risk
2 mins
Otitis Media Interventions
Antipyretics
Analgesics
Antibiotics
Irrigation
Position on Affected Side
Myringotomy
Tympanostomy Tube
2 mins
Kawasaki Disease
Pathophysiology
Prevalent in Asian Children
Necrotizing Vasculitis
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Strawberry-Red Tongue and Mucosa
Lymphadenopathy
Desquamative Skin Rash
Erythema and Edema of the Hands and Feet
Conjunctivitis
Coronary Aneurysm
Treatment
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Aspirin
2 mins
Kawasaki Disease
Cause
Acute Vasculitis
Assessment
Acute Phase
High Fever
Conjunctivitis
Strawberry-Red Tongue and Mucosa
Erythema and Edema of Hands and Feet
Subacute Phase
Desquamative Skin Rash
Interventions
Aspirin
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Antipyretics
Considerations
Coronary Aneurysm
Children < 5 Years old
2 mins
Scabies
Pathophysiology
Sarcoptes Scabiei Mite
Signs & Symptoms
Pruritus
Papules with Burrows
Webs of Fingers and Toes
Axilla and Nipples
Diagnosis
Skin Scraping
Dermoscopy
Mites and Eggs on Magnification
Treatment
Permethrin Cream
Oral Ivermectin
Lindane Cream
Considerations
Wash All Linens In Hot Water
3 mins
Rubeola (Measles)
Mechanism
Virus
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Red Maculopapular Rash
3 C's
Photophobia
Koplik Spots
Considerations
MMR Vaccination
Antipyretics
Vitamin A Supplementation
2 mins
Rubella
Characteristics
RNA Virus
Matonaviridae
Enveloped
Icosahedral
SS Positive Linear
Signs and Symptoms
German Measles or Three-Day Measles
Fever
Postauricular Tenderness
Lymphadenopathy
Truncal Rash
Arthritis
Congenital TORCH Infection
2 mins
Roseola
Exanthem
Herpesvirus 6
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Linear
Signs and Symptoms
High Fevers Can Lead to Seizures
Diffuse Macular Rash After Fever
1 min
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Mechanism
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Signs and Symptoms
Red Maculopapular Rash
Vesicles Ooze and Crust
Pruritus
Centripetal
Considerations
Varicella Immunization
Skin Care to Minimize Itching
Isolate until Vesicles Crust
2 mins
Epstein Barr Virus
Characteristics
Herpesvirus 4
Double Stranded DNA
Linear
Enveloped
Signs and Symptoms
Infectious Mononucleosis
Virus Attaches to CD21 in B Cells
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
1 min
Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Cause
Esophageal Atresia
Ends in Blind Pouch
Assessment
Coughing
Choking
Cyanosis
Drooling
Considerations
NPO
Surgical Emergency
Aspiration Pneumonia
2 mins
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