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Mary Shared "Antimicrobials" - 20 Picmonics

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Antimicrobials

Amphotericin B
Indications
Systemic Mycosis
Fungal Meningitis
Last Resort for Protozoan infections
Mechanism
Polyene
Binds Ergosterol
Forms Membrane Pores
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1 min
Amphotericin B Side Effects & Toxicity
Side Effects
Fever/Chills "Shake and Bake"
Nephrotoxicity
Milder with Liposomes
Hypotension
Anemia
IV Phlebitis
Arrhythmias
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1 min
Azoles (Ketoconazole)
"-azole" suffix
Indications
Local and Less Serious Systemic Mycosis
Mechanism
Inhibits Ergosterol Synthesis
Inhibits P450
Side Effects
Liver Dysfunction
Inhibition of Testosterone Synthesis
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1 min
Cidofovir
Indications
CMV Retinitis
Acyclovir-Resistant HSV
Mechanism
Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity
Administer with Probenecid and IV Saline
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1 min
Echinocandins
"-Fungin" Suffix
Indications
Invasive Aspergillosis
Candida
Mechanism
Inhibits Cell Wall Synthesis
Inhibits Synthesis of Beta-glucan
Side Effects
GI Distress
Flushing
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1 min
Flucytosine
Indications
Cryptococcus
Candida
Used in Combination with Amphotericin B or Azoles
Mechanism
Inhibits DNA and RNA Synthesis
Converted to 5-FU by Cytosine Deaminase
Side Effects
Bone Marrow Suppression
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1 min
Foscarnet
Indications
CMV Retinitis
Acyclovir-resistant HSV
Mechanism
Does Not Require Activation (by Viral Kinase)
Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
Pyrophosphate Analog
Resistance through Mutated DNA Polymerase
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity
Electrolyte Abnormalities
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
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Fusion Inhibitors
Indications
HIV
Drugs
Maraviroc
Binds CCR-5 on T Cells
Blocks Interaction with gp120
Enfuvirtide
Binds gp41
Inhibits Viral Entry
Side Effects
Skin Reactions at Injection Sites (Enfuvirtide)
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Ganciclovir
Indications
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Immunocompromised
Mechanism
Guanosine Analog
Disrupts DNA Synthesis
Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
Side Effects
Hematologic Effects
Nephrotoxicity
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Griseofulvin
Mechanism
Disrupts Microtubules in Mitosis
Indications
Antifungal for Superficial Infections
Tinea and Ringworm
Side Effects
Teratogen
P450 Inducer
Confusion
Headache
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HAART
HIV
Begin at Diagnosis
3 Drugs
2 NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
And one of the following:
NNRTI (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor)
or Protease Inhibitor
or Integrase Inhibitor
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Integrase Inhibitors
-gravir Suffix
Indications
HIV
Mechanism
Blocks Insertion of Viral Genome
Inhibit Actions of Integrase
Side Effects
Hypercholesterolemia
Increased LFT's
Insomnia
Increased Creatine Kinase (CK)
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NNRTIs (Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
Indications
HIV
Mechanism
Do Not Require Intracellular Metabolism
Inhibits Reverse Transcriptase
Side Effects
Rash
Hepatotoxicity
Vivid Dreams and CNS Symptoms
Contraindication
Pregnancy
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2 mins
NRTI Toxicity
Bone Marrow Suppression
Reverse with G-CSF and Erythropoietin
Rash
Neuropathy
Anemia
Pancreatitis
Lactic Acidosis
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1 min
NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
Indications
HIV
Pregnancy and Prophylaxis given ZDV
Mechanism
Inhibit Nucleotide Binding to Reverse Transcriptase
Chain Termination
Require Phosphorylation
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1 min
Nystatin
Indications
Candidiasis
Vaginal
Oral
Cutaneous
Mechanism
Polyene
Binds Ergosterol
Forms Membrane Pores
Topical form of Amphotericin B
Side Effects
Rash
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1 min
Protease Inhibitors
End in "-navir"
Indications
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis C
Mechanism
Inhibit Protease
Unable to Cleave Proteins
Inhibits Maturation of New Virus
Side Effects
GI Distress
Nephropathy
Lipodystrophy
Hyperglycemia
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3 mins
Ribavirin
Mechanism
Hypermutation in RNA Viruses
Inhibits Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase
Indications
Hepatitis C
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Side Effects
Hemolytic Anemia
Teratogen
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1 min
Terbinafine
Indications
Dermatophytosis
Onychomycosis
Mechanism
Inhibits Squalene Epoxidase
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
GI Distress
Taste Disturbances
Headache
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2 mins
Zanamivir (Relenza) and Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Indications
Influenza A and B
Treatment and Prophylaxis
Mechanism
Inhibits Release of New Virus
Inhibits Influenza Neuraminidase
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1 min

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