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Sachin Shared "Endocrinology" - 137 Picmonics

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Endocrinology

Hypothalamus
Characteristics
Anterior Pituitary Stimulated Through the Hypophyseal Portal
GHRH
GnRH
TRH
PIF
CRF Released During Stress
Posterior Pituitary Stimulated Through Neural Control
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3 mins
Anterior Pituitary
Characteristics
Hypothalamic Control
FLAT PeG Mnemonic
Tropic Hormones
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Direct Hormones
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth Hormone (GH)
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2 mins
Posterior Pituitary
Characteristics
Neuroendocrine Reflex Stimulation (By Hypothalamus)
Direct Hormones
Vasopressin
Increased Water Retention (In Kidneys)
Oxytocin
Increased Uterine Contraction
Mammary Glands Contraction
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2 mins
Thyroid Gland
Characteristics
TSH Stimulates T3 and T4 Release
Metabolism Regulation
Blood Calcium Sensor
Calcitonin Release
Blood Calcium Decreases
Bone Building
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2 mins
Parathyroid Gland
Characteristics
Blood Calcium Sensor
Parathyroid Hormone
Bone Resorption
Blood Calcium Increases
Vitamin D Activation
Calcium Absorption From The Small Intestine
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1 min
Branchial Pouches: 3rd Pouch
Separates into Dorsal and Ventral Wings
Dorsal Wings
Inferior Parathyroid Glands
Ventral Wings
Thymus
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1 min
Branchial Pouches: 4th Pouch
Separates into Dorsal and Ventral Wings
Dorsal Wings
Superior Parathyroid Glands
Ventral Wings
Parafollicular (C) Cells of Thyroid Gland
Formed by Endoderm
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1 min
Adrenal Gland (Basic)
Characteristics
Adrenal Cortex
RAAS Stimulates Aldosterone
CRF (CRH) acts on Anterior Pituitary Gland to Release ACTH
Cortisol Released
Androgens Released
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
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2 mins
Adrenal Gland (Advanced)
Characteristics
Adrenal Cortex
Zona Glomerulosa
Aldosterone
Zona Fasciculata
Cortisol
Zona Reticularis
Androgens
Adrenal Medulla
Chromaffin Cells
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
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2 mins
Testes
Characteristics
FSH Stimulates Sertoli Cells
Inhibin B Release
LH Stimulates Leydig Cells
Leydig Cells Secrete Testosterone
Testosterone Causes Male Development
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2 mins
Pancreas
Characteristics
Acinar Cells Release Digestive Enzymes
Ductal Epithelial Cells Release Bicarbonate
Islets of Langerhans
Beta Cells Release Insulin
Alpha Cells Release Glucagon
Delta Cells Release Somatostatin
Somatostatin Inhibits Alpha and Beta Cells
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3 mins
Peptide Hormones
Characteristics
Fast-Acting and Short-Lived
Bind To Cell Membrane Receptors
Stimulate Secondary Messengers
Amino Acid-Derived
Examples
Insulin
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
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2 mins
Steroid Hormones
Characteristics
Nuclear Membrane
Long-Lived and Slow-Acting
Cholesterol-Derived
Intracellular Receptors
DNA Transcription
Examples
Testosterone
Aldosterone
Estrogen
Cortisol
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2 mins
Insulin Synthesis
Synthesis
Preproinsulin
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Proinsulin 
Golgi Body
Beta Cells Release Insulin
Beta Cells Release C-peptide
Clinical Relevance
Insulinoma
Sulfonylureas
Surreptitious Insulin Use
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2 mins
Ovulatory Hormones I - Follicular Phase
Characteristics
0-14 Days
GnRH Stimulates FSH and LH
Follicle Secretes Estrogen
Negative Feedback from Estrogen
Increased Estrogen Leads to Positive Feedback
FSH and LH Surge
LH Spike Leads to Ovulation
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2 mins
Ovulatory Hormones II - Luteal Phase
Days 15-28
Corpus Luteum
Secretes Progesterone
Negative Feedback inhibits FSH and LH
No pregnancy forms Corpus Albicans
Stops Estrogen Secretion
Endometrial Sloughing - Menses
GnRH secretion produces new follicular phase
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2 mins
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
Mechanism of Action
Increase Uterine Contractions
Indications
Labor Induction
Control Postpartum Hemorrhage
Side Effects
Uterine Rupture
Water Intoxication
Contraindications
Fetal Lung Immaturity
Cervix Not Ripened
Active Genital Herpes Infection
Considerations
Use Lowest Dose
IV Pump
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3 mins
Somatostatin
Secreted by D Cells
Pancreas
GI Tract
Action
Decrease Secretion of Gastric Acid and Pepsinogen
Decrease Pancreatic and Small Intestine Fluid Secretion
Decrease Gallbladder Contraction
Decrease Glucagon and Insulin Secretion
Regulation
Secretion is Increased by Acid
Secretion is Decreased by Vagal Stimulation
Clinical Use
Octreotide
Carcinoid Syndrome
Variceal Bleeds
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2 mins
Hyperthyroidism Assessment
Assessment
Heat Intolerance
Exophthalmos
Warm, Moist Skin and Silky Hair
Tremors
Goiter
Diarrhea
Weight Loss
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Amenorrhea
Diagnosis
Decreased TSH with Elevated Free T4
Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
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2 mins
Hypothyroidism Assessment
Assessment
Weight Gain - Edema
Lethargy
Cold Intolerance
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Brittle Nails and Dry Skin
Constipation
Goiter
Prolonged Menses
Slowed Thinking
Diagnostic Tests
Decreased Free T4
Increased TSH
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2 mins

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