Emily Shared "Cardio 2, EKG, acid base" - 16 Picmonics
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Cardio 2, EKG, acid base
ECG: Atrial Fibrillation
- Rate
- Variable Rate
- Rhythm
- Irregular Rhythm
- P Wave
- No P Wave
- PR Interval
- No PR Interval
- QRS Interval
- QRS < 0.12 Seconds
1 min
ECG Interpretation
- Rate
- Rhythm
- P Waves
- Upright, Rounded, Before Every QRS
- PR Interval (< 0.20 seconds)
- Normal QRS (< 0.12 seconds)
2 mins
Parts of an ECG
- PQRST
- P Wave
- Atrial Depolarization
- QRS Complex
- Ventricular Depolarization
- T Wave
- Ventricular Repolarization
2 mins
ECG: Sinus Bradycardia
- Rate
- < 60 bpm
- Rhythm
- Regular
- P Wave
- Present, Upright, Every QRS
- PR Interval
- < 0.20 seconds
- QRS Interval
- < 0.12 seconds
- Treatment
- Atropine
1 min
ECG: Sinus Tachycardia
- Rate
- > 100 bpm
- Rhythm
- Regular
- P Wave
- Present, Upright, Every QRS
- PR Interval
- < 0.20 seconds
- QRS Interval
- < 0.12 seconds
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Cause
2 mins
ECG: Atrial Flutter
- Rate
- Variable
- Rhythm
- Regular or Irregular
- P Wave
- Saw Tooth, Multiple Before Every QRS
- PR Interval
- Non-measurable
- QRS Interval
- < 0.12 seconds
2 mins
Atrioventricular Block Types
- First Degree
- First Degree
- PR Interval > 200ms
- No Treatment Needed
- Second Degree
- Second Degree
- Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
- Progressive PR Interval Lengthening with Nonconducted QRS Complex
- Mobitz II
- Constant PR Interval with Nonconducted QRS Complex
- Third Degree
- Third Degree
- Atrioventricular Dissociation
3 mins
How to Interpret Acid Base Disorders
- pH, pCO₂, HCO₃ (Bicarbonate)
- Step 1
- pH
- Acidosis
- Alkalosis
- Step 2
- pCO₂
- Opposite Direction as pH
- Respiratory Acidosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Step 3
- HCO₃ (Bicarbonate)
- Same Direction as pH
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis
3 mins
Respiratory Acidosis Assessment
- Assessment
- Decreased pH < 7.35
- Increased PaCO2 > 45
- Reduced Respirations
- Anxiety
- Change in LOC
- Tachycardia
- Cyanosis
- Increased Electrolytes
- ECG Changes
- Muscle Weakness
- Hyporeflexia
2 mins
Respiratory Acidosis Interventions
- Improve Respiration
- Pharmacologic Interventions
- Bronchodilators
- Respiratory Stimulants
- Drug Antagonists
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions
- Oxygen
- Assisted Ventilation
- Prevent Complications
1 min
Respiratory Alkalosis Assessment
- Assessment
- Increased pH > 7.45
- Decreased PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
- Hyperventilation
- Brainstem Stimulation
- Head Injury
- Shock
- Lightheadedness
- Tingling Lips or Fingers
- Trousseau's
- Chvostek's Sign
- Anxiety
2 mins
Respiratory Alkalosis Interventions
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Mechanically Ventilated Patients
- Decrease Tidal Volume and/or Respiratory Rate
- Give Adequate Pain Control and Sedation
- Hyperventilation Syndrome
- Sedatives
- Antidepressants
- Considerations
- Compensatory Drop in Serum Bicarbonate
- Calming Breathing Exercises
- Correct CO2 Slowly
2 mins
Metabolic Acidosis Assessment
- Characteristics
- Decreased pH < 7.35
- Decreased HCO3 < 22
- Signs & Symptoms
- Abdominal Pain
- CNS Depression
- Coma
- Hypotension
- Arrhythmias
- Increased Respirations
- Kussmaul Respirations
- Flushed, Warm, Dry Skin
- Muscle Weakness
2 mins
Metabolic Acidosis Interventions
- Interventions
- Raise Plasma pH > 7.20
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- Considerations
- Follow ABGs
- Continuously Monitor Patient
2 mins
Metabolic Alkalosis Assessment
- Signs and Symptoms
- Increased pH > 7.45
- Increased HCO3 > 26
- Excitable State
- Arrhythmias
- Paresthesias
- Muscle Cramps
- Muscle Weakness
- Decreased Respiratory Effort
1 min
Metabolic Alkalosis Interventions
- Interventions
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Stop Potassium (K+) Wasting Diuretics
- Spironolactone
- Acetazolamide
- IV Fluids
- Sodium Chloride
- Replace Potassium (K+)
- Considerations
- Monitor Respiratory Rate
- Monitor Heart Rate
- Seizure Precautions
2 mins
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