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PHD block 6
Yellow Fever Virus
Characteristics
Flavivirus
RNA Virus
Enveloped
Icosahedral
SS Positive Linear
Transmitted By Aedes Mosquitos
Monkey or Human Reservoir
Signs and Symptoms
High fever
Jaundice
Black vomitus
2 mins
Ebola Virus
RNA Virus
Filovirus
Marburg Virus
Linear
Helical
Enveloped
Negative Sense
Bat Reservoir
1 min
Giardia lamblia
Characteristics
Protozoa
Ingestion of Cysts
Seen in Campers
Daycare Centers
Mental Hospitals
Infects Small Intestine
Signs and Symptoms
Bloating
Flatulence
Fatty Diarrhea
Diagnosis
Crescent-shaped Protozoa Adjacent to Epithelial Brush Border
Predisposed if Low IgA
Treatment
Metronidazole
3 mins
Cryptosporidium
Characteristics
Protozoa
Ingestion of Oocysts in Food or Water
Acid Fast Cysts
Signs and Symptoms
Outbreaks of Diarrhea from Contaminated Water Supply
Mild Disease in Non-immunocompromised
Severe Diarrhea in AIDS
Treatment
Nitazoxanide for Immunocompetent
2 mins
Entamoeba histolytica
Pathophysiology
Protozoa
Amebiasis
Ingestion of Cysts in Food and Water
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Flask-Shaped Ulcer
Liver Abscess
Anchovy Paste
RUQ Pain
Diagnosis
RBCs in Cytoplasm of Trophozoite
Cyst With Four Nuclei
Treatment
Metronidazole
Iodoquinol
3 mins
Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis)
Pathophysiology
Nematode (Roundworm)
Ingestion of Eggs
Intestinal Infection
Anal Pruritus
Diagnosis
Scotch Tape Test
Treatment
Albendazole
Pyrantel Pamoate
2 mins
Strongyloides Stercoralis
Pathophysiology
Nematode (Roundworm)
Larvae in Soil Penetrate Skin
Uncomplicated Disease
GI Distress
Loffler's Syndrome
Dermatitis
Disseminated Disease
Immunosuppressed
Treatment
Ivermectin
Albendazole
2 mins
Onchocerca Volvulus
Pathophysiology
Nematode (Roundworm)
Female Blackfly Bite
Hyperpigmented Skin
River Blindness
Treatment
Ivermectin
1 min
Loa Loa
Pathophysiology
Nematode (Roundworm)
Fly Bite
Calabar Swellings in Skin
Conjunctiva
Treatment
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
Albendazole
1 min
Hepatitis A
Characteristics
Picornavirus
4 Week Incubation Period
Fecal-oral
Day Care Centers
Travel to Developing Countries
Signs and Symptoms
Usually Asymptomatic
Acute Disease
Jaundice
Fever
Vomiting
2 mins
Hepatitis B Virus Characteristics
Hepadnavirus
Enveloped
Circular
Partially Double-stranded DNA
Has Reverse Transcriptase
IV Drug Use
Sex
Maternal Fetal Routes
3 Month Incubation Period
2 mins
Hepatitis C
Characteristics
Enveloped
RNA Virus
Flavivirus
Icosahedral
SS positive Linear
Clinical Features
Most Cases are Due to IV Drug Use
Turns to Chronic Hepatitis in Over 70% of Cases
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Most Common Indication for Liver Transplantation
Associated With Type I MPGN
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
2 mins
Leishmania donovani
Pathophysiology
Protozoan
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Hepatosplenomegaly
Spiking Fevers
Skin Pigmentation
Sandfly
Diagnosis
Macrophages with Amastigotes
Treatment
Amphotericin B
Oral Miltefosine
2 mins
Trypanosoma cruzi
Pathophysiology
Protozoa
Triatomine Bug
Kissing bug
Painless bite
Predominantly in South America
Symptoms
Chagas disease
Romana's sign
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Megacolon
Megaesophagus
Diagnosis
Blood smear
Treatment
Nifurtimox
Benznidazole
2 mins
Trypanosoma Brucei
Characteristics
Protozoa
Trypanosoma Gambiense
Trypanosoma Rhodesiense
Tsetse Fly
Disease
Painful Bite
African Sleeping Sickness
Recurring Fever
Capacity for Antigenic Variation
Enlarged Lymph Nodes
Encephalitis
Treatment
Suramin for Blood-Borne Disease
Melarsoprol for CNS Penetration
2 mins
Babesia
Characteristics
Protozoa
Ixodes Tick
Same vector as Borrelia
Northeastern US
Asplenia
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Hemolytic Anemia
Diagnosis
Blood Smear
Maltese Cross
Treatments
Atovaquone
Azithromycin
3 mins
Diphyllobothrium Latum
Pathophysiology
Cestode (Tapeworm)
Ingestion of Larvae from Raw Fish
Competes for Vitamin B12
Megaloblastic Anemia
Treatment
Praziquantel
1 min
Taenia Solium
Pathophysiology
Cestode (Tapeworm)
Taeniasis
Ingestion of Larvae in Undercooked Pork
Asymptomatic, in Bowels
Cysticercosis
Ingestion of Cestode Eggs
Skin, CNS and Muscles
Treatment
Albendazole
Praziquantel
1 min
Echinococcus Granulosus
Pathophysiology
Cestode (Tapeworm)
Ingestion of Eggs from Dog Feces
Hydatid Cysts in Liver
Fibrosis and Necrosis
Anaphylaxis if Antigens Released
Treatment
Albendazole
Surgical Removal
1 min
Schistosoma
Pathophysiology
Trematode (Fluke)
Snail-infested Water
Intense Immune Response
Intestinal Disease
Hepatosplenic Granuloma
Squamous Cell Cancer of the Bladder
Diagnosis
Parasitic Antigens via ELISA
Treatment
Praziquantel
2 mins
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