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Anti-biotics FA
Penicillin
Gram Positive
Spirochetes
Bind PBPs
Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
Activate Autolytic Enzymes
Bactericidal
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hemolytic Anemia
Beta-lactamase Sensitive
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Mechanisms
Indications
Broader Spectrum
Drug Names
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Mechanism and Characteristics
Beta-Lactamase Sensitive
Combine with Clavulanic Acid
Side Effects
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Ampicillin Rash
Pseudomembranous Colitis
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Uses
Drug Names
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Indications
Shigella
Haemophilus Influenzae
Salmonella
Listeria
Enterococci
Proteus Mirabilis
E. Coli
1 min
Antipseudomonal Penicillins
Drugs
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin
Mechanism of Action
Same Mechanism as Penicillin
Indications
Extended Spectrum
Pseudomonas and Gram-Negative Rods
Considerations
Combine with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
Clavulanic Acid
Tazobactam
Hypersensitivity Reactions
2 mins
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
Considerations
Often Combined with Penicillin Antibiotics
Drug Names
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
51 secs
Cephalosporins Overview
Mechanism of Action
Beta lactam drug
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bactericidal
Side Effects
Hypersensitivity reactions
Vitamin K Deficiency
Disulfiram like reaction with Alcohol
Increased Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
1 min
1st Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Indications (PEcK Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
1 min
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime
Indications (PEcK HENS Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Serratia marcescens
2 mins
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefdinir
Ceftazidime
Pseudomonas
Indications
Serious Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistant to Other Beta-Lactams
1 min
4th Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Name
Cefepime
Indications
Increased Activity Against Gram-Positive Infections and Pseudomonas
29 secs
5th Generation Cephalosporin
Mechanism
Beta-Lactam
Indications
Resistant Bacteria
Broad Spectrum Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative
Drugs
Ceftobiprole
Has Pseudomonas Coverage
Ceftaroline
No Pseudomonas Coverage
1 min
Aztreonam
Monobactam
Resistant to beta lactamases
Binds to penicillin binding protein (PBP)
Inhibit cell wall synthesis
No Activity on Gram-Positives or Anaerobes
Gram-Negative Rods
Non allergenic to penicillin
Synergistic with aminoglycosides
2 mins
Imipenem
Mechanism
Resistant to Beta-Lactamases
Broad Spectrum
Indications
Anaerobes
Gram-Negative Rods
Gram-Positive Cocci
Must Administer with Cilastatin
Cilastatin is Inhibitor of Renal Dehydropeptidase I
Side Effects
Diarrhea
Skin Rash
Seizures
Considerations
Meropenem
Stable to Dehydropeptidase I
Reduced Risk of Seizures (Non-Seizure Causing)
2 mins
Vancomycin
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
Indications
Serious Gram-Positive Infections
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Red Man Syndrome
Thrombophlebitis
Nursing Considerations
Culture Samples First
Infuse IV Over 60 Minutes
Take Around the Clock
2 mins
Vancomycin Mechanism
Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal
Gram-Positive
Inhibits Cell Wall Mucopeptide
Binds to D-ala D-ala
Resistance with Change to D-ala D-lac
Staphylococcus aureus
Orally for Clostridium difficile
Enterococci
2 mins
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
Side Effects
Thrombophlebitis
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
Prevent with Antihistamine
Prevent with Slow Infusion
2 mins
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Drug Names
30S inhibitors
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
50S inhibitors
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Lincomycin
Linezolid
3 mins
Aminoglycoside Overview
End in "-mycin"
GNATS
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Indications
Severe Gram Negative Infections
Bowel Surgery Prep
1 min
Aminoglycosides
Drug Names
Gentamicin
Neomycin for Bowel Surgery Prep
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Inhibit Formation of Initiation Complex
Cause Misreading of mRNA
Require O2 for Uptake
Resistance
Resistance by Transferase Enzymes
Acetylation
Phosphorylation
Adenylation
Indications
Gram-Negative Rod Infections
Synergistic with B-Lactam Antibiotics
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity Especially When Used with Cephalosporins
Ototoxicity Especially When Used with Loop Diuretics
Teratogen
5 mins
Aminoglycoside Side Effects
Side Effects
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Respiratory Paralysis
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Considerations
Peak and Trough
Never Mix with Penicillin in Same IV
2 mins
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