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Andrew Shared "CMBL Week 9" - 14 Picmonics

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CMBL Week 9

Kwashiorkor
Protein Deficiency
Swollen Belly
MEALS
Malnutrition
Edema
Anemia
Liver Malfunction
Skin Lesions
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2 mins
Marasmus
Deficiency of all Nutrients
Body Weight < 60% of Normal
Tissue and Muscle Wasting
Loss of Subcutaneous Fat (Buttocks and Thighs)
Variable Edema
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2 mins
Vitamin C Mechanism and Deficiency
Mechanism
Ascorbic acid
Antioxidant
Protects Against Free Radicals
Keeps Iron in Reduced State
Hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine
Necessary for Dopamine B Hydroxylase
Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
Scurvy
Swollen Gums
Bruising
Poor Wound Healing
Hemarthrosis
Perifollicular Hemorrhages
Anemia
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4 mins
Folate Deficiency
Clinical Features
Macrocytic Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Etiologies
Malabsorption
Dietary
Tea and Toast
Alcoholics
Medication-induced
Methotrexate
Trimethoprim
Increased Requirement
Hemolytic Anemia
Pregnancy
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2 mins
Homocystinuria
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
4 Forms
Cystathionine Synthase Deficiency
Decreased Affinity of Cystathionine Synthase For Vitamin B6
Methionine Synthase Deficiency
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Marfanoid Body Habitus
Kyphosis
Lens Subluxation (Inferior)
Intellectual Disability
Atherosclerosis
Consideration
Dietary Deficiencies Can Elevate Homocysteine Levels
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3 mins
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Mechanism and Deficiency
Mechanism
Cobalamin
Large reserve pool in the liver
Homocysteine to methionine
Methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
Hypersegmented Neutrophils
Neurologic defects
Posterior column
Lateral corticospinal tract
Spinocerebellar tract
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5 mins
Biotin (Vitamin B7)
Mechanism
Carboxylation Reaction
Pyruvate Carboxylation to Oxaloacetate
Propionyl-CoA Carboxylation to Methylmalonyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylation to Malonyl CoA
Deficiency Causes
Antibiotic Use
Ingestion of Raw Eggs
Signs & Symptoms
Alopecia
Dermatitis
Enteritis
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2 mins
Vitamin D Mechanism
25 OH in the liver
1,25 OH in the kidney
Absorbs Calcium and Phosphorus
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42 secs
Vitamin D Deficiency
Signs & Symptoms
Rickets in children
Bending bones
Rachitic rosary
Breast milk has decreased vitamin D
Osteomalacia in adults
Tetany from Hypocalcemia
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2 mins
Parathyroid Gland
Characteristics
Blood Calcium Sensor
Parathyroid Hormone
Bone Resorption
Blood Calcium Increases
Vitamin D Activation
Calcium Absorption From The Small Intestine
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1 min
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Causes
Malnutrition/Malabsorption
Hemorrhage
Signs
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
Decreased Heme Synthesis
Labs
Decreased Reticulocytes
Decreased Ferritin
Increased Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
Poikilocytosis
Anisocytosis
Increased Central Pallor
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2 mins
Iron Antidote
Antidote
DeFEroxamine
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23 secs
Types of Wound Healing
Types of Wounds
Acute
Chronic
Healing Process
Primary Intention
Approximated Edges
Secondary Intention
Edges Not Approximated
Tertiary Intention
Delayed Closure due to Infection and Necrosis
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2 mins
Barrett's Esophagus
Histological findings
Metaplasia in Lower Esophagus
Columnar Epithelium
Associated Pathologies
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Esophagitis
Esophageal Ulcers
Increased Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
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1 min

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