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Brooke Shared "Hematology Week 3 Drugs" - 15 Picmonics

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Hematology Week 3 Drugs

Heparin Mechanisms
Mechanism of Action
Short Half-life
Antithrombin Activation Cofactor
Decrease Thrombin, Factor Xa
Side Effects
Bleeding
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Antidote
Protamine Sulfate
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2 mins
Heparin Indications
Indications
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Prophylaxis
Pulmonary Embolism
Atrial Fibrillation
Used during Pregnancy
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1 min
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Indications
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Venous Thromboembolism
Drug Names
Dabigatran
Bivalirudin
Argatroban
Mechanism of Action
Inhibition of Thrombin
Antidotes
Idarucizumab
Activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
Side Effects
Bleeding
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3 mins
Warfarin
Mechanism of Action
Interferes with Vitamin K-dependent Clotting Factors
Extrinsic Pathway
Bridge with Heparin
Indications
Chronic Anticoagulation
Side Effects
Bleeding
Necrosis
Cytochrome P450
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Antidote
FFP + Vitamin K
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2 mins
Warfarin Antidotes
Antidotes
Vitamin K
Fresh Frozen Plasma
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59 secs
Direct factor Xa inhibitors
Drugs
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban
Mechanism
Bind to and directly inhibit factor Xa
Clinical use
Treatment and Prophylaxis for DVT and PE
Stroke prophylaxis in patients with atrial fibrillation
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis and Treatment
Note
Do not usually require coagulation monitoring
Renal clearance
Taken orally
Side Effects
Bleeding
Not easily reversible
Apixaban has no antidote
Rivaroxaban has a risk of major bleeding
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Aspirin
Indications
Fever
Pain and Headache
Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
Mechanism of Action
Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Suppress Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins
NSAID
Side Effects
Reye's Syndrome
Tinnitus
Peptic Ulceration
Mixed Acidosis/Alkalosis
Nephropathy
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2 mins
Aspirin Poisoning (Salicylism) Assessment
Early Symptoms
Nausea and Vomiting
Tinnitus
Confusion
Hyperventilation
Respiratory Alkalosis
Late Symptoms
Metabolic Acidosis
Coma
Hyperthermia
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1 min
Reye's Syndrome
Cause
Aspirin (Salicylates) to Treat Viral Illness (In Children)
Assessment
Cerebral Edema
Lethargy (Decreased LOC)
Vomiting
Liver Failure
Interventions
Monitor for Increased ICP
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Considerations
No Aspirin for Children
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2 mins
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Mechanism
ADP Receptor Antagonist
Prevent Platelet Aggregation
Indications
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Prevention of Thrombotic Events
Side Effects
Bleeding
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Pancytopenia
Abdominal Pain
Considerations
Withhold Before Surgery
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2 mins
Abciximab and Tirofiban (GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitors)
Mechanism
IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibitors
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Indications
Thrombotic Event Prevention
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Side Effects
Bleeding
Considerations
Expensive
Combination Drug Therapy
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2 mins
Cilostazol and Dipyridamole
Mechanism of Action
Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitor (PDE-3)
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Vasodilation
Indications
Intermittent Claudication
Stroke Prevention
Coronary Stent Stenosis Prevention
Cardiac Stress Testing (Dipyridamole)
Side Effects
Flushing
Hypotension
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3 mins
Desmopressin (DDAVP) and Vasopressin
Indications
Diabetes Insipidus
Nocturnal enuresis
Sepsis
Cardiovascular Collapse
Bleeding
MOA
Conserves water
Adverse Reactions
Severe hyponatremia
Hypertension
Angina
Myocardial Infarction
Nurse Implications
Give before bed
Monitor Electrolytes and Fluid
Daily Weights And Monitor Is and Os
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1 min
Alteplase
Mechanism
Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Indications
Thrombosis
Side Effects
Bleeding
Contraindications
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Internal Hemorrhaging
Considerations
Minimize Bleeding
Monitor for Shock
Antidote
Aminocaproic Acid
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2 mins
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Clotting Factors
Factor Xa
Indications
Clot Formation Prevention
Side Effects
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Bleeding
Considerations
Medication Education
Subcutaneous Injection
2 Inches from Umbilicus or Incisions
Antidote
Protamine Sulfate
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2 mins

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Brooke Shared Hematology Week 3 Drugs - 15 Picmonics