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Kat Shared "OB" - 71 Picmonics

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OB

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Mechanism
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Symptoms
Cervical Motion Tenderness
Chandelier Sign
Salpingitis
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Hydrosalpinx
Complications
Ectopic Pregnancy
Infertility
Adhesions
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
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2 mins
Endometriosis Characteristics
Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
Glands and Stroma
Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
"Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
Adenomyosis
Theories
Retrograde Flow
Metaplastic Transformation
Mullerianosis
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2 mins
Endometriosis Symptoms and Treatment
Symptoms
Dysmenorrhea
Cyclic Pelvic Pain
Dyschezia
Dysuria
Dyspareunia
30-40% are Infertile
Treatment
Surgery
NSAIDs
OCPs
Progesterone (Progestins)
GnRH Agonists
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1 min
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
Mechanism
Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
Large Increase in LH
Small Decrease in FSH
Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
Decreased Steroid Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) Causes Increased Free Testosterone
Obese Patients Have Increased Estrogen
Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
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2 mins
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms
Most Common Cause of Infertility in Women
Amenorrhea
Acne
Hirsutism
Obesity
Diagnosis
Enlarged, Cystic Ovaries
LH:FSH Ratio of 3:1
"String of Pearls" on Ultrasound
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1 min
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment
Weight Loss
Oral Contraceptives
Clomiphene Citrate
Anti-androgens
Cyclic Progesterone for Endometrial Protection
Metformin
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1 min
Menopause Symptoms
Symptoms
HAVOCS Mnemonic
Hot Flashes
Atrophy of Vagina
Osteoporosis
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Sleep disturbances
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50 secs
Menopause Lab Findings
Decreased Estrogen
Lack of Negative Feedback
Increased FSH
Increased LH
Increased GnRH
Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
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1 min
Cervical Cancer Screening
Women Aged 21-65 Years
Pap Smear Every 3 Years
Women Aged 30-65 Years
Can Opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV Testing) Every 5 Years
Identify Lesions
High grade lesions
Cryotherapy
Loop Excision
Cold Knife Conization
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2 mins
Fibroadenoma
Most Common Benign Breast Tumor
Stromal Tumor
Presentation
Women under 40
Small, firm mass
Sharp Edges
Increased tenderness and size with Estrogen
Management
Biopsy
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1 min
Intraductal Papilloma
Presentation
Bloody nipple discharge
Women 20-40 years old
Mechanism
Small tumor in lactiferous ducts
Occurs Centrally
Occurs Peripherally
Increased malignancy
Diagnosis
Too Small to Palpate
Galactogram biopsy
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1 min
Phyllodes Tumor
Presentation
Common in 40's
Large Palpable Mass
Mechanism
Benign
Rarely Malignant
Low-Grade Tumor
Leaf-Like
Stromal Tumor
Treatment
Wide Resection
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2 mins
Probable Signs of Pregnancy
Goodell Sign
Chadwick Sign
Hegar Sign
Positive Serum and Urine Sample
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Ballottement
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2 mins
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
Amenorrhea
Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
Nausea and Vomiting
Breast Changes
Quickening
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1 min
Positive Signs of Pregnancy
Fetus on Ultrasound
Fetal Heart Rate by Doppler or Fetoscope
Fetal X-ray
Fetal Movements
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1 min
Discomforts of Pregnancy - First Trimester
Breast Tenderness
Supportive Bra
Nausea and Vomiting
Frequent Small Meals
Urinary Frequency and Urgency
Frequently Empty Bladder
Leukorrhea
Perineal Pad
Ptyalism
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2 mins
Discomforts of Pregnancy - Second Trimester
Supine Hypotension
Side-lying Position
Food Cravings
Heartburn (Pyrosis)
Constipation
Moderate Exercise
Varicose Veins
Elevate Legs
Backache
Pelvic Tilt Exercise
Considerations
Nutrition
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2 mins
Discomforts of Pregnancy - Third Trimester
Shortness of Breath (SOB)
Rest Periods
Return of Urinary Frequency and Urgency
Empty Bladder Regularly
Leg Cramps
Stretching Exercises
Ankle Edema
Elevate Legs
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2 mins
Gestational Hypertension
New-Onset Hypertension
> 20 Weeks Gestation
Risk Factors
Nulliparity
Obesity
African American Females
> 35 years Old
Multiple Gestations
Family History of Gestational HTN (or Preeclampsia)
Complications
IUGR
Prematurity
Abruptio Placentae
Management
Fetal Monitoring
Alpha-Methyldopa
Beta-Blockers (Labetalol)
Calcium Channel Blockers
Hydralazine
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4 mins
Preeclampsia Assessment
After 20 Weeks of Pregnancy
Mild
Hypertension > 140/90
Proteinuria or End-Organ Dysfunction
Severe
Hypertension > 160/110
Progressive Renal Insufficiency
Vision Changes
HELLP Syndrome
Pulmonary Edema
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2 mins

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