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MSK-Derm
Macroscopic Bone Structure
Characteristics
Compact Bone
Yellow Bone Marrow
Spongy Bone
Red Bone Marrow
Long Bone
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal Plate
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Periosteum
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - Erb's Palsy (Waiter's tip)
Nerves
C5-C6 Roots
Superior (Upper) Trunk
Causes
Lateral Traction on Neck during Delivery
Trauma in Adults
Functional Deficit
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Biceps Brachii
Presentation
Waiter's Tip Deformity
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - Klumpke's Palsy
Nerve
C8 to T1 Roots
Lower Trunk
Causes
Upward Arm Force during Delivery
Adult Trauma
Grabbing Tree Branch to Break a Fall
Muscle Affected
Intrinsic Hand Muscles
Presentation
Claw Hand
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Nerve
Compression of Brachial Plexus
Compression of Subclavian Vessels
Causes
Cervical Rib Abnormality
Trauma
Weight Lifters
Pancoast Tumor
Presentation
Edema
Claw Hand
Pain
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Winged Scapula
Nerve
Long Thoracic Nerve
Causes
Axillary Node Dissection in Mastectomy
Stab Wound
Muscle Affected
Serratus Anterior
Functional Deficit
Scapula Cannot Anchor to Thorax
Presentation
Inability to Raise Arm Above Head
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Pope's Blessing
Nerve
Proximal Median Nerve
Causes
Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus
Functional Deficit
Loss of Flexion of Thumb, Pointer and Middle Finger
Presentation
Trouble Making a Fist
Hand Resembles Popes Blessing on Flexion
Complications
Atrophy of Thenar Eminence
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Median Claw
Nerve
Distal Median Nerve
Causes
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Deficit
Unable to Extend Thumb, Pointer and Middle Finger
Presentation
Clawing of Digits 1-3
Tinels Sign
Phalens Sign
Complication
Atrophy of Thenar Eminence
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - OK Gesture
Nerve
Proximal Ulnar Nerve
Causes
Fracture Medial Epicondyle of Humerus (proximal injury)
Increased with Prolonged Sitting or Climbing Stairs
Diagnosis
Patellofemoral Compression Test
Apprehension Sign
Treatment
NSAIDs
Conservative Therapy
Bracing
3 mins
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
Pathophysiology
Separation of Femoral Epiphysis from Femoral Neck
Through Growth Plate (Physeal Plate)
Obesity
Male Adolescents
African American
Growth and Sex Hormone Imbalances
Signs & Symptoms
Thigh or Knee Pain
Inability to Bear Weight
Decreased Internal Rotation of Hip
Obligate External Rotation of Hip with Flexion
Diagnosis
Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
Treatment
Surgical Pinning
Complications
Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
3 mins
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Pathophysiology
Idiopathic Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
Boys 5-7 Years of Age
Symptoms < 18 Months
Signs & Symptoms
Painless Limp
Limited Range of Motion
Intermittent Anterior Thigh Pain
Insidious Pain in Knee
Atrophy of Upper Thigh
Diagnosis
AP and Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
Compression and Deformity of Femoral Head
Treatment
Bed Rest
NSAIDs
Containment with Brace or Cast
Surgery
4 mins
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Cause
Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum
Newborn Assessment
Positive Barlow Sign
Clicking with Adduction
Positive Ortolani Sign
Clicking with Abduction
Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)
Older Child Assessment
Trendelenburg Sign
Interventions
Abduction Device
Pavlik Harness
Closed Reduction
3 mins
Restless Legs Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Idiopathic
Iron Deficiency
Parkinson's Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Urge to Move the Legs
Unpleasant Sensations in Legs
Worsens with Inactivity
Relieved by Movement
Treatment
Iron Supplementation
Self-care
Gabapentin
Pramipexole
2 mins
MCL Tear
Mechanism
Medial Knee Injury
Unhappy Triad
Football
Skiing
Sign
Valgus Stress Test
Treatment
Conservative Management
54 secs
ACL Tear
Mechanism
Non-contact
Popping
Sudden Stop
Change in Direction
Unhappy Triad
Sign
Lachman Test
Treatment
Reconstruction if Severe
1 min
Meniscus Tear
Fibrocartilage Semicircular Band
Traumatic
Unhappy Triad
Degenerative
Symptoms
Clicking and Locking
McMurray Test
Pain on External Rotation
Treatment
Conservative Management
Surgery
1 min
Herniated Disc (Nucleus Pulposus)
Cause/Mechanism
Spine Trauma
Natural Degeneration
Spinal Stenosis
Assessment
Pain
Weakness
Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
Interventions
Brace
Medications
Outpatient Procedures
Surgery
2 mins
Salter-Harris Fracture Classification
SMACK
Slipped Across Physis (Type 1)
Metaphysis and Physis (Type 2)
Articular-Epiphyseal (Type 3)
Complete Metaphysis and Epiphysis (Type 4)
Krushed Physis (Type 5)
2 mins
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