Mary Shared "Blood Bank/Hematology" - 57 Picmonics
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Blood Bank/Hematology
Whole Blood Composition
- Characteristics
- Plasma
- Electrolytes And Other Solutes
- Proteins
- Albumin
- Fibrinogen
- Globulins
- Water
- Formed Elements
- Buffy Coat
- White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Platelets
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
2 mins
Types of Blood Products
- Types
- Whole Blood
- Packed Red Blood Cells
- Fresh Frozen Plasma
- Immunoglobulins
- Clotting Factors
- Albumin
- Platelets
- Considerations
- Use within 24 Hours
- Washing Removes Antibodies
- Irradiation Destroys WBCs
2 mins
RhoGam [Rho(D) Immune Globulin]
- Indications
- Antepartum Prevention at 28 weeks
- Suppress Antibody Production
- Mechanism of Action
- Lysis of Fetal RBC in Maternal Bloodstream
- Side Effects
- Myalgia and Lethargy
- Considerations
- Negative Coombs Test
- Standard Dose 300 mcg
- Microdose 50 mcg
- Blood Product
2 mins
Transfusion Reactions
- Acute Hemolytic
- Febrile, Non-Hemolytic
- Mild Allergic
- Anaphylactic
- Circulatory Overload
- Sepsis Reaction
- Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
- Massive Blood Transfusion
2 mins
Cold Agglutinin Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (C-AIHA)
- Pathophysiology
- IgM Binds to RBCs at Cold Temperatures (28-31C)
- Extravascular Hemolysis
- Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
- Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
- Infectious Mononucleosis
- Lymphomas and CLL
- Symptoms
- Acrocyanosis with Cold Exposure
- Blue Fingers and Toes
- Diagnosis
- Positive Coombs Test
- Treatment
- Avoid Cold
- Rituximab
- +/- Fludarabine
4 mins
Warm Agglutinin Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (W-AIHA)
- Pathophysiology
- Most Common Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- IgG Coats RBCs at Warm Temperatures
- Fc Portion of IgG Recognized By Macrophages
- Extravascular Hemolysis
- Medications
- Alpha Methyldopa
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Diagnosis
- Positive Coombs Test
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Splenectomy
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Rituximab
3 mins
Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin Has Four Iron Hemes
- Lots Of Hemoglobin In Red Blood Cells
- High O2 Levels Increase O2 Binding
- High Temperature Reduces O2 Binding
- High CO2 Levels Reduce O2 Binding
- Low pH Reduces O2 Binding
- Myoglobin Binds Oxygen in Muscle
2 mins
Coagulation Cascade Overview
- Secondary Hemostasis
- Intrinsic Pathway
- Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
- Heparin
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- Warfarin
- Common Pathway
- Thrombin
- Convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin
- Stabilizes the Platelet Plug
2 mins
Clotting Overview
- Characteristics
- Endothelial Cells are Damaged
- Platelets Respond to Exposed Collagen and Stick
- Platelets Release Recruiting Factors
- More Platelets are Attracted
- Soluble Fibrinogen Turns to Insoluble Fibrin
- Fibrin Seals the Clot
- Clot Dissolves
- Liver Produces Clotting Factors
2 mins
Microcytic Anemia Causes
- MCV < 80
- Causes
- Thalassemias
- Chronic Disease or Illness
- Lead Toxicity
- Late Iron Deficiency
- Sideroblastic Anemia
1 min
Normocytic Nonhemolytic Anemia Causes
- MCV 80-100
- Nonhemolytic
- Anemia of Chronic Disease/Inflammation
- Aplastic Anemia
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Early Iron Deficiency
1 min
Macrocytic Anemia Causes
- MCV > 100
- Megaloblastic
- B12 Deficiency
- Folate Deficiency
- Orotic Aciduria
- Non Megaloblastic
- Alcoholism
- Liver Disease
- Reticulocytosis
2 mins
Hereditary Spherocytosis Disease
- Northern Europeans
- Mechanisms
- Autosomal Dominant
- Spectrin/Ankyrin Deficiency
- Spherocyte Formation
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Symptoms
- Bilirubin Gallstones
- Jaundice
- Splenomegaly
3 mins
Hereditary Spherocytosis Diagnosis & Treatment
- Labs
- Increased MCHC
- Spherocytes
- Normocytic Anemia
- Diagnosis
- Eosin-5-Maleimide (EMA) Binding Test
- Osmotic Fragility Test
- Glycerol Lysis Test
- Treatment
- Folic Acid
- Splenectomy
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Mechanism)
- Intrinsic Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia
- Point Mutation
- Autosomal Recessive
- African American
- Dehydration or Decreased O2
- Newborns Asymptomatic
- Heterozygote Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Primary Myelofibrosis
- Characteristics
- Bone Marrow Fibrosis
- Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
- JAK2 Kinase Mutation
- Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Weight Loss
- Splenomegaly
- DIagnosis
- Pancytopenia
- Dacrocytes (Teardrop Cells)
- Dry Tap on Bone Marrow Aspiration
- Treatment
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transfusion
- Ruxolitinib (JAK2 Inhibitor)
2 mins
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
- Characteristics
- Dysfunctional Bone Marrow
- Elderly
- Radiation or Chemotherapy
- Presentation
- Anemia
- Increased Susceptibility to Infection
- Bleeding
- Diagnosis
- Ringed Sideroblasts
- Howell-Jolly Bodies
- Pseudo-Pelger-Huet Anomaly
- Bilobed Neutrophils
- Management
- Supportive Care
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Considerations
- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
4 mins
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Pathophysiology
- BCR-ABL
- 9;22 Translocation
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Signs & Symptoms
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Low Alkaline Phosphatase
- Splenomegaly
- Considerations
- Blast Crisis
- Age 30 to 90 Years
- Responds to Imatinib
3 mins
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- Myeloblasts Increase on Peripheral Smear
- Median Onset 60 Years
- T 15;17 M3 Subtype
- Auer Rods
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a Common Presentation
- M5 Gum Infiltration
- Responds to Vitamin A
3 mins
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Ages < 15
- May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
- Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
- TdT Positive
- CALLA Positive
- t(12;21) Better Prognosis
- Spread to CNS and Testes
- Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
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