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Uyen Shared "Unit 4" - 91 Picmonics

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Unit 4

Streptococcus Pneumoniae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Diplococci
Lancet-Shaped
Catalase-Negative
Optochin-Sensitive
Bile Soluble
Alpha-Hemolytic
Polysaccharide Capsule
Positive Quellung Reaction
IgA Protease
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1 min
Streptococcus Pyogenes Disease
Pyogenic
Pyogenic
Pyogenic Pharyngitis
Impetigo
Cellulitis
Toxigenic
Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome
Scarlet Fever
Sandpaper Rash
Strawberry Tongue
Immunologic
Immunologic
Rheumatic Fever
Antibodies to M Protein
Acute Glomerulonephritis (Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis)
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2 mins
Streptococcus pyogenes Characteristics
Characteristics
Group A Streptococci (GAS)
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Beta-Hemolytic
Catalase-Negative
Bacitracin-Sensitive
Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
Streptolysin O
DNase
Streptokinase
Exotoxin A
Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR) Positive
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2 mins
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sepsis in Patients with Splenectomy
Rusty Sputum
MOPS
Meningitis
Otitis Media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis
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2 mins
1st Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Indications (PEcK Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
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1 min
Infectious Mononucleosis
Mechanism
Herpes-like Viral Infection
Signs and Symptoms
Fatigue
Fever
Sore Throat
Head and Body Aches
Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly
Swollen Lymph Nodes in Neck and Armpits
Rash
Considerations
Suppressed Immune Response
Positive Monospot
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2 mins
Clindamycin
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit
Blocks Translocation
Indications
Anaerobic Infections above the Diaphragm
Aspiration Pneumonia
Lung Abscess
Side Effects
Can Cause Pseudomembranous Colitis
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type III
Immune Complex
Antigen-antibody (IgG) complex activates complement
Neutrophils release lysozomal enzymes
Examples
Arthus Reaction
Serum Sickness
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
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1 min
Penicillin
Gram Positive
Spirochetes
Bind PBPs
Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
Activate Autolytic Enzymes
Bactericidal
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hemolytic Anemia
Beta-lactamase Sensitive
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2 mins
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Mechanism
Aminopenicillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Indications
Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Rash
Diarrhea
Considerations
No Effect Against Staph Aureus
Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
Allergic Reaction
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2 mins
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime
Indications (PEcK HENS Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Serratia marcescens
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2 mins
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefdinir
Ceftazidime
Pseudomonas
Indications
Serious Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistant to Other Beta-Lactams
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1 min
Otitis Media Interventions
Antipyretics
Analgesics
Antibiotics
Irrigation
Position on Affected Side
Myringotomy
Tympanostomy Tube
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2 mins
Macrolides
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation
Macrolides
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Indications
Gram-Positive Cocci
Atypical Pneumonia
Chlamydia
Considerations
Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding
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2 mins
Vancomycin Mechanism
Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal
Gram-Positive
Inhibits Cell Wall Mucopeptide
Binds to D-ala D-ala
Resistance with Change to D-ala D-lac
Staphylococcus aureus
Orally for Clostridium difficile
Enterococci
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2 mins
Epstein Barr Virus Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis
Fever
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Pharyngitis
Posterior Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Atypical Lymphocytes
Heterophile Antibodies
Rash Develops if treated with Ampicillin
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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2 mins
Haemophilus Influenzae Disease
Disease
Pneumonia
Cherry Red Epiglottitis
Meningitis
Otitis Media
COPD Exacerbation
Thumbprint Sign (on X-ray)
Treatment
Rifampin Prophylaxis
Ceftriaxone
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2 mins
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Fungi
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Fever
Hypoxemia
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Biopsy
Methenamine Silver Stain
Saucer/cup shaped yeast forms
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia CXR
TMP-SMX
Start prophylaxis when CD4 drops under 200
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1 min
NRTI Toxicity
Bone Marrow Suppression
Reverse with G-CSF and Erythropoietin
Rash
Neuropathy
Anemia
Pancreatitis
Lactic Acidosis
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1 min
Influenza Virus
Characteristics
RNA Virus
Orthomyxovirus
Enveloped
Negative Sense
8 Segments
Helical
Hemagglutinin for Viral Entry
Neuraminidase for Virion Release
Genetic Shift
Reassortment of genome to cause major change
Genetic Drift
Minor Antigenic Mutations
Considerations
Reye Syndrome with Aspirin Use
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
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3 mins

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