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Hillary Shared "CSI Exam 4" - 49 Picmonics

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CSI Exam 4

Iron Deficiency Anemia
Causes
Malnutrition/Malabsorption
Hemorrhage
Signs
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
Decreased Heme Synthesis
Labs
Decreased Reticulocytes
Decreased Ferritin
Increased Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
Poikilocytosis
Anisocytosis
Increased Central Pallor
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2 mins
Cluster Headache
Presentation
More Common in Men
Unilateral Periorbital Headache
Ipsilateral Tearing
Precipitated by Alcohol
Stabbing Pain
Duration
15 min - 3 Hours
Repetitive Attacks in Clusters
Treatment
High Flow 100% O2
Ergots
Sumatriptan
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2 mins
Tension Headache
Presentation
More Common in Women
Bilateral Band-like Pain
Occipital and Neck region
Exacerbated by Stress
Exacerbated by Fatigue
Duration
> 30 Minutes
Acute Treatment
Relaxation
Caffeine
NSAIDs
Acetaminophen
Preventative Treatment
Amitriptyline
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1 min
Migraine Headaches Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
More Common in Women
Exacerbated by Activity
Unilateral Pulsating Pain
Aura
Photophobia and Phonophobia
Nausea/Vomiting
Duration
4 hours to 3 Days
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1 min
Migraine Headache Treatments
Acute Treatment
Avoid Triggers
Sumatriptan
NSAIDs
Preventative Treatment
Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers
Amitriptyline
Topiramate (Anticonvulsants)
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1 min
Sturge Weber Syndrome
Pathophysiology
GNAQ Gene
Signs and Symptoms
Port Wine Stain
Arterial Venous Malformation
Leptomeningeal Angiomas
Intellectual Disability
Seizures
Pheochromocytoma
Glaucoma
Tram-Track Calcifications
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3 mins
Tuberous Sclerosis
Characteristics
Autosomal Dominant
Signs and Symptoms
Hamartomas in CNS and Skin
Phakoma
Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma
Seizures
Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
Adenoma Sebaceum
Shagreen Patch
Ash-leaf Spots
Renal Angiomyolipoma
Cardiac Rhabdomyoma
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2 mins
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Chromosome 17
Signs and Symptoms
Neurofibromas
Optic Glioma
Lisch Nodules
Hamartomas
Cafe Au Lait Spots
Scoliosis
Pheochromocytoma
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4 mins
Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Pathophysiology
Autosomal-Dominant
Chromosome 22
Signs and Symptoms
Vestibular Schwannoma
Meningioma
Ependymoma
Cafe Au Lait Spots
Cataracts
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2 mins
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Pathophysiology
Chromosome 3
Presentation
Hemangioblastomas
Medulla, Retina, Cerebellum
Cysts
Kidney, Liver, Pancreas
Develop Bilateral Renal Carcinomas
Pheochromocytomas
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2 mins
Hemangioblastoma
Most Often Cerebellar
Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau
Retinal Angiomas
Can Produce EPO
Secondary Polycythemia
Foamy Cells
High Vascularity
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59 secs
Glasgow Coma Scale
LOC Assessment
Score of 3 to 15
8 or Less = Coma
Eye Opening
Verbal Response
Motor Response
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1 min
Types of Head Injuries
Open Head Injury
Linear Fracture
Comminuted Fracture
Depressed Fracture
Open Fracture
Basilar Skull Fracture
Closed Head Injury
Coup and Contrecoup
Brain Contusion
Concussion
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2 mins
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
Assessment
Change in LOC
Personality Changes
Amnesia
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Diplopia
Posturing
Location of Injury
Basilar Skull Fracture
Halo or Ring Sign
Considerations
Intracranial Bleeding
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2 mins
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into Subarachnoid Space
Mechanisms
Trauma
Aneurysm Rupture
AVM Rupture
Vasospasm causes Ischemia
Signs & Symptoms
"Worst Headache Of My Life"
Diagnosis
Noncontrast Head CT
Lumbar Puncture
Angiography
Considerations
Surgery
Blood Pressure Control
Intracranial Pressure Control
Nimodipine for Vasospasm Prophylaxis
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3 mins
Epidural Hematoma
Mechanism
Middle Meningeal Artery Rupture
Temporal Bone Fracture
Hematoma Between Skull And Dura Mater
Transtentorial Herniation
Lucid Interval
Imaging
Lens-shaped on CT
Does Not Cross Suture Lines
Treatment
Craniotomy
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1 min
Subdural Hematoma
Mechanism
Tear of Bridging Veins
Slow Bleeding, Over Time
Imaging
Subdural Space
Crescent-shaped on CT
Crosses Suture Lines
Midline Shift
Causes
Elderly
Whiplash
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
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2 mins
Types of Seizures
Tonic-Clonic
Tonic
Clonic
Absence (Petit Mal)
Myoclonic
Atonic
Partial (Focal) Seizure
Focal Aware (Formerly Called Simple Partial)
Focal Impaired Awareness (Formerly Called Complex Partial)
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3 mins
Valproic Acid
Indications
First Line Tonic-Clonic Seizure Treatment
Bipolar Disorder
Migraine Prophylaxis
Mechanism of Action
Increases GABA Concentration
Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
Side Effect
GI Distress
Contraindication
Contraindicated in Pregnancy
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1 min
Valproic Acid (Valproate) Side Effects
V-A-L-P-R-O-A-T-E
Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver Toxicity
Pancreatitis/Pancytopenia
Retain Fat (Weight Gain)
Oedema (Edema)
Appetite Increase
Tremor
Enzyme Inhibitor (P450)
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2 mins

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