Azia Shared "exam 4 med surg" - 15 Picmonics
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exam 4 med surg
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG - Acute)
- Mechanism
- Rapid Increase in IOP
- Signs and Symptoms
- Rapid Onset
- Pain
- Blurred Vision
- Halos Around Lights
- Nausea and Vomiting
- IOP over 30 mm Hg
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
1 min
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG - Chronic)
- Mechanism
- Flow of Aqueous Humor Slowed
- Signs and Symptoms
- Slow Onset
- No Pain
- Tunnel Vision
- IOP 22-32mm Hg
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
1 min
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Mechanism
- Dry (nonexudative)
- Wet (exudative)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Scotomas
- Blurred, Darkened Vision
- Loss of Central Vision
- Distortion of Vision
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
- Low-vision Assistive Devices
2 mins
Cataract
- Mechanism
- Age-related
- Assessment
- No Pain
- Cloudy Opaque Lens
- Decreased Visual Acuity
- Occurs Gradually
- Treatment
- Surgery
1 min
Causes of Vertigo
- Meniere's Disease
- Increased endolymph in inner ear
- Recurrent vertigo
- Head fullness/ear pain
- Hearing loss and tinnitus
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
- Otoliths in semicircular canals
- Episodes brought on by head movement
- Normal hearing/no auditory symptoms
- Vestibular Neuritis
- Viral/Postviral
- Single episode, can last days
- No hearing loss
Peripheral Vertigo
- Peripheral Vertigo happens at Vestibular Nerve (CN 8) and Vestibular Apparatus (Ex: Cochlea)
- Meniere's Disease
- Excess endolymph (less reabsorption)
- Neurofibromatosis Type 2 cause acoustic neuromas on both Vestibulocochlear nerves at Cerebellopontine angle
- Schwannoma of CN 8 (arise from Schwann Cells)
- Caused: Respiration infection by a Virus
- Vestibular neuritis (inflammation CN 8)
- Nystagmus is Never Vertical (horizontal and torsional only)
- Clinical: hearing loss, tinnitus
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
1 min
Meniere's Disease
- Mechanism
- Excess Endolymph
- Signs and Symptoms
- Tinnitus
- One-sided Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Vertigo
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Considerations
- Meclizine (Antivert)
- Low Salt Diet
- Surgery
2 mins
Otitis Media Assessment
- Red or Bulging Tympanic Membrane
- Ear Pain
- Pulling at Ear
- Fever
- Upper Respiratory Infection
- Considerations
- More Common in Young Children
- Eustachian Tube Narrower
- Conductive Hearing Loss
- Smoking Increases Risk
2 mins
Ear Pathologies
- Cholesteatoma
- Pearly mass behind tympanic membrane
- Primary: Due to constant negative pressure in middle ear
- Secondary: Due to squamous epithelial migration
- Squamous cell debris
- Painless otorrhea
- Conductive hearing loss
- Cholesterol Granuloma
- Can form in middle ear after hemorrhage
- Bluish-black material behind tympanic membrane
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Most common malignancy of middle ear
- Ulcerated plaque/nodule
- Presents with regional pain
- Granulomatous disease of ear
- Uncommon, usually secondary to systemic disease
Care for the Visually Impaired
- Assessment
- Decreased Visual Acuity
- Snellen Chart
- Status of Corrective Lenses
- Nursing Considerations
- Sighted-Guide Technique
- Communication
- Safe Environment
- Medications
- Clock Technique for Food
- Activities of Daily Living (ADL)
1 min
Otitis Media Interventions
- Antipyretics
- Analgesics
- Antibiotics
- Irrigation
- Position on Affected Side
- Myringotomy
- Tympanostomy Tube
2 mins
Ear Drops Medication Administration
- Indications
- Earwax Buildup
- Ear Infections
- Pulling The Pinna
- Child - Back and Downward
- Adult - Back and Upward
- Procedure
- Side-Lying with Ear Up
- Instill Medication
- Stay for 2-3 Minutes
- Nursing Considerations
- Room Temperature
- May Massage Tragus
- Perforated Eardrum
2 mins
Eye Medication Administration
- Procedure
- Supine with Neck Hyperextended
- Wash Away Crusts
- Cotton Ball on Cheekbone
- For Ophthalmic Drops
- Instill Drops into Conjunctival Sac
- Repeat if Missed or Patient Blinks
- 5 Minutes Before 2nd Medication
- For Ophthalmic Ointment
- Thin Stream Along Inner Edge
- Inner Canthus to Outer Canthus
2 mins
Care for the Hard of Hearing
- Assessment
- Normal: 0-15 dB
- Rinne's Test
- Weber's Test
- Tinnitus
- Difficulty Following Conversations
- Nursing Considerations
- Face Patient/Speak Clearly
- Rephrase Misunderstood Statements
- Repeat Statements Back
- Hearing Aids
- Sign Language
2 mins
Androgen Antagonists
- Finasteride
- 5-Alpha Reductase Type II Inhibitor
- indicated for BPH, Alopecia
- Flutamide
- Non-steroidal Competitive AR Antagonist
- indicated for Metastatic Prostate CA
- give with Leuprolide
- SFx: Teratogen
- Ketoconazole
- Spironolactone
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