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Sickle Cell Anemia Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Hemoglobin S (Genetic Defect)
Sickle Shaped RBCs
Assessment
Jaundice
Vaso Occlusive Crisis
Fever
Priapism
Severe Pain
Considerations
Prominent in African Americans
May be Asymptomatic
Increased Risk of Infection
2 mins
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
Cause
Malignant Renal Tumor
Assessment
Abdominal Mass
Hematuria
Fever
Hypertension
Interventions
Nephrectomy
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Considerations
Do Not Palpate Abdomen
Children Under 5 Years Old
2 mins
Hemophilia
Cause/Mechanism
Genetic Mutation
Assessment
Prolonged Bleeding
Pain
Hemarthrosis
Interventions
Clotting Factor Replacement Therapy
DDAVP (Desmopressin Acetate)
Antifibrinolytic Therapy
Analgesics
Considerations
Genetic Counseling
Prevent Injury
3 mins
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Assessment
Cause
Lymphatic Cancer
Non-Contiguous Spread
B or T Cells
Assessment
Painless Lymphadenopathy
Constitutional B Signs
Night Sweats
Fever
Weight Loss
Mediastinal or Abdominal Mass
Considerations
Older Adults
> 60 Subtypes
2 mins
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Interventions
Diagnosis
Biopsy
Staging
Interventions
Radiation
Chemotherapy
Treat Side Effects of Therapy
Considerations
Secondary Cancer Screening
2 mins
Hodgkin's Lymphoma Assessment
Cause
Lymph Node Cancer
Contiguous Spread
Assessment
Painless Lymphadenopathy
Constitutional B Signs
Night Sweats
Fever
Weight Loss
Considerations
Bimodal Age Distribution
Reed-Sternberg Cells
2 mins
Leukemia Interventions
Diagnosis
Bone Marrow Aspiration
X-Rays
Interventions
Chemotherapy
Bleeding Precautions
Neutropenic Precautions
Strict Asepsis
Bone Marrow Transplant
Blood Transfusions
Monitor Temperature Elevations
Adequate Nutrition
Imatinib (Gleevec) for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
3 mins
Leukemia Assessment
Cause
Immature WBCs
Assessment
Recurrent Infections
Easy Bruising
Bleeding
Anemia
Fatigue
Weight Loss
Bone Pain
Considerations
May Have Normal or High WBC Count
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia Interventions
Interventions
Increase Hydration
Analgesics
Oxygen
Warm Compress
Bone Marrow Transplant
Hydroxyurea
Considerations
Avoid High Altitudes
Prophylactic Antibiotics
Avoid Strenuous Exercise
Vaccines
3 mins
Types of Fractures
Nondisplaced
Displaced
Incomplete
Complete
Closed
Open
Direction of Fracture Line
2 mins
Muscular Dystrophy
Mechanism
X-linked Recessive
Signs and Symptoms
Muscle Weakness
Motor Problems
Gower Sign
Large Calves
Waddling Gait
Loss of Ambulation
Consideration
Cardiac and Respiratory Failure
2 mins
Scoliosis
Assessment
S Shaped Lateral Spinal Rotation
Unequal Shoulder and Scapula Height
Uneven Gait
Impaired Oxygenation
Hump when Bending Forward
Interventions
Body Braces
Worn 23 Hours/Day
Surgery
Considerations
Adolescent Screening
3 mins
Osteomyelitis
Cause/Mechanism
Bone Infection
Assessment
Warmth
Edema
Constant Bone Pain
Fever
Interventions
IV Antibiotics
Implanted Beads
Hyperbaric Oxygen
Surgical Removal of Ischemic Tissue
Considerations
Elevated ESR
3 mins
Amputation
Indications
Trauma
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Diabetes Complications
Considerations
Gentle Handling
Surgical Tourniquet at Bedside
Prevent Contractures
Frequent Inspection
Compression Bandages
Phantom Pain
Mirror Therapy
2 mins
Blood Types and Compatibilities
ABO Compatibility
No Antigens (Type O Blood)
Universal Donor
A Antigen (Type A Blood)
B Antigen (Type B Blood)
AB Antigen (Type AB Blood)
Universal Recipient
Rhesus (Rh) Compatibility
Rh (Rhesus) Antigen
Never Rh+ to Rh-
Considerations
Blood Transfusion
Obstetric Patient
2 mins
Burns Assessment
Stage and Extent of Burn
Dyspnea
Singed Nasal Hairs
Pain
Initial Decrease Urinary Output
Paralytic Ileus
Signs of Inadequate Hydration
Shock
Hypothermia
Hyperkalemia
2 mins
Burns Interventions
Ensure Airway Patency
O2
IV Fluid Replacement
Dry Sterile Dressing
Debridement
Elevate Burned Limbs
Analgesics
Silver Sulfadiazine
Escharotomy
2 mins
Carboprost (Hemabate)
Mechanism
Prostaglandin F2-alpha Analog
Smooth Muscle Contraction
Indications
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Abortion
Side Effects
GI Distress
Hypertension
Fever
Bronchoconstriction
Considerations
Identify Cause of Fever
2 mins
Chlamydia
Mechanism
Chlamydia trachomatis
Assessment
May Be Asymptomatic
Dysuria
Epididymitis
Discharge
Dyspareunia
Interventions
Doxycycline
Azithromycin
No Intercourse for 1 Week
Treat Partners
2 mins
Chorioamnionitis
Fever
Maternal or fetal tachycardia
Leukocytosis
Foul Odor to Amniotic Fluid
Treatment: Antibiotics
Monitor uterine tenderness, contractions and fetal activity
Monitor maternal vital signs & FHR
2 mins
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