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Peter Shared "GI" - 282 Picmonics

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GI

GI Absorption
Stomach
Alcohol
Duodenum
Iron
Jejunum
Folate
Terminal Ileum
Vitamin B12
Bile Resorption
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1 min
Stomach Digestion
Characteristics
Chief Cells Secrete Pepsinogen
Pepsinogen Turned to Pepsin By H+
Protein Breakdown Begins
Mucous Cells Secrete Mucus and Bicarbonate
G Cells Secrete Gastrin
Gastrin Stimulates Parietal Cell HCl Release
Parietal Cells Secrete Intrinsic Factor
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2 mins
Small Intestine Digestion
Brush border enzymes
Pancreatic Enzymes are secreted via a Duct
Pancreas secretes bicarbonate
Brush Border activates Pancreatic Trypsin
Trypsin activates Chymotrypsin
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin digest Proteins
Gallbladder Releases Bile
Pancreatic Lipase breaks down Lipids
Goblet cells secrete mucus
Pancreatic Amylase breaks down Carbohydrates
Pancreatic Nucleases breakdown DNA/RNA
Digestion occurs in the Duodenum
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2 mins
Small Intestine Absorption
Characteristics
Carbohydrates Undergo Active Transport
Amino Acids Undergo Active Transport
Small Lipids Undergo Passive Diffusion
Epithelial Cells
Intestinal Capillaries
Hepatic Portal Transports Nutrients
Liver
Large Lipids Transported as Chylomicrons
Lacteals Transport Chylomicrons
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2 mins
Acute Abdomen Differential Diagnosis: Upper Quadrants
Right Upper Quadrant
Cholecystitis
Biliary Colic
Cholangitis
Perforated Duodenal Ulcer
Acute Hepatitis
Left Upper Quadrant
Splenic Rupture
IBS (Splenic Flexure Syndrome)
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2 mins
Acute Abdomen Differential Diagnosis: Lower Quadrants
Right Lower Quadrant
Appendicitis
Salpingitis
Left Lower Quadrant
Sigmoid Volvulus
Sigmoid Diverticulitis
Lower Quadrant (Both/Either)
Ectopic Pregnancy
Ovarian Torsion
Renal Calculi
Pyelonephritis
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2 mins
Acute Abdomen Differential Diagnosis: Midepigastrium and Diffuse
Midepigastrium
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Pancreatitis
Aortic Dissection
Myocardial Infarction
Any Place
Peritonitis
Hemorrhage or Perforation
Bowel Obstruction
Strangulation
Acute Hepatitis
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2 mins
Barrett's Esophagus
Histological findings
Metaplasia in Lower Esophagus
Columnar Epithelium
Associated Pathologies
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Esophagitis
Esophageal Ulcers
Increased Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
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1 min
Mumps Virus
Characteristics
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Parotitis
Increased Serum Amylase
Orchitis
Oophoritis
Aseptic Meningitis
Pancreatitis
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59 secs
Mumps (Parotitis)
Mechanism
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Headache
Earache
Orchitis
Pain and Swelling of Parotid Glands
Considerations
MMR Vaccination
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1 min
Oral Cavity
Characteristics
Mouth
Mechanical Digestion
Salivary Amylase Begins Carbohydrate Breakdown
Lingual Lipase Begins Lipid Breakdown
Esophagus
Bolus
Peristalsis
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1 min
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Epidemiology
2nd Most Common Skin Cancer
UV Light Exposure
Long-term Immunosuppression
Arsenic Exposure
Signs/Symptoms
Ulcerative Red Lesion
Precursor Actinic Keratosis
Commonly Lower Lip
Diagnosis
Biopsy shows Keratin Pearls
Treatment
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
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2 mins
Streptococcus viridans
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Negative
Alpha-Hemolytic
Optochin-Resistant
Not Bile Soluble
Normal Flora of Oropharynx
Synthesize Dextrans from Sucrose
Disease
Dental Caries
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
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2 mins
Achalasia
Pathophysiology
Failure to Relax Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Malignancies
Chagas Disease
Loss of Auerbach Plexus
Symptoms
Dysphagia to Solids & Liquids
Diagnosis
Barium Swallow
Bird's Beak Appearance
Manometry
Risk Factors
Increased Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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2 mins
Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Cause
Esophageal Atresia
Ends in Blind Pouch
Assessment
Coughing
Choking
Cyanosis
Drooling
Considerations
NPO
Surgical Emergency
Aspiration Pneumonia
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2 mins
Zenker Diverticulum
Pathophysiology
False Diverticulum
Junction of Pharynx and Esophagus
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Symptoms
Dysphagia
Regurgitation of Undigested Food
Halitosis
Diagnosis
Barium Swallow
Treatment
Surgical Repair
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2 mins
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
Triad of Symptoms
Dysphagia
Esophageal Webs
Glossitis
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Association
Squamous Cell Cancer of Esophagus
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1 min
Scleroderma
Localized Sceroderma
Just the skin
Manifests as line (coup de sabre)
Manifests as patch (morphea)
CREST Syndrome
Limited: CREST
C: Calcinosis
R: Raynaud's
E: Esophageal Dysmotility/Reflux
S: Sclerodactyly
T: Telangiectasias (spider veins)
Anticentromere antibodies
Pulmonary HTN
Diffuse
Diffuse scleroderma
Treat With Mycophenolate
Interstitial Lung Diseases
Renal crisis
Treat With ACE Inhibitor
Anti-scl-70 antibody
Watermelon Stomach (Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia)
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Types of Hernias
Hiatal
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Inguinal
Men
Femoral
Women
Incisional
Umbilical
Consideration
Strangulation
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1 min
Mallory-Weiss
Characteristics
Bleeding From Tears in Mucosa
Forceful Vomiting
Alcoholism
Eating Disorders (Bulimia)
Painful Hematemesis
Diagnosis
Endoscopy
Management
Observation
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2 mins

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