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immuno
Immune System Tissues
Characteristics
Bone Marrow
B Cells and T Cells Formed
B Cells Mature
Thymus
T Cells Tested For Self-Response
T Cells Mature
Lymph Nodes
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Lymph For Pathogens
Spleen
Mature B Cells and T Cells Monitor Blood For Pathogens
1 min
Lymphatics
Characteristics
Recycles 10% of Interstitial Fluid
Transport Large Lipids from Lacteals
Unidirectional Valves
Lymph Nodes Filter Lymph
WBCs Monitor Lymph for Pathogens
Merge with Veins
2 mins
Lymphatics: Treatments
Diaphragm Release
Thoracic Inlet Release
Doming the Diaphragm
Pelvic Diaphragm Release
HEENT: Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose and Throat
Auricular Drainage Technique
Effleurage
Anterior Cervical Mobilization
Galbreath Technique
Mechanically Mobilizing the Lymphatics
Cranial Field Osteopathy
Muscle Energy: Thoracic Inlet
Thoracic Pump
Splenic Pump
Liver Pump
Pedal Pump
Rib Raising
5 mins
Lymphatics: Osteopathic Overview
Left Lymphatic (Thoracic) Duct
Left Head and Neck
Left Thorax and Upper Extremity
Abdomen and Lower Extremities
Right Lymphatic Duct
Right Head and Neck
Right Thorax and Upper Extremity
Diaphragms
Thoracic Inlet
Thoracic Diaphragm
Pelvic Diaphragm
Considerations
Tissue Changes
Chapman's Points
Tense Pelvic Diaphragm
Restricted Thoracic Cage Movement
4 mins
Lymph Node Drainage
Submandibular and Submental
Cervical
Supraclavicular
Hilar and Mediastinal
Axillary
Epitrochlear
Celiac, Superior Mesenteric, and Inferior Mesenteric
Para-aortic
Periumbilical (Sister Mary Joseph Node)
Internal Iliac
Superficial Inguinal
Popliteal
External Illiac
3 mins
Innate Immunity Barriers
Skin Protects Against Pathogens
Normal Flora Outcompete Pathogens
Lysozyme in Saliva, Tears, and Mucus
Mucous Traps Pathogens
Cilia Remove Mucus
Acid and Digestive Enzymes in the Stomach Kill Pathogens
2 mins
Innate Immunity Cellular Response
Characteristics
Natural Killer Lymphocytes Attack Abnormal Cells
Neutrophils in Blood
Infected Cells Release Interferon
Complement Proteins Lyse Pathogens/Infected Cells
Dendritic Cells in Tissue
Macrophages in Tissue
2 mins
Humoral Adaptive Immunity
Characteristics
B Cell Binds Free Floating Antigen
B Cell Presents Antigen to Helper T Cell
Helper T Cells Help B Cells Develop Antigen Specificity
Released in Secretions, Mucosal Fluids, and Breast Milk
IgD
IgE
Against Parasitic Worms
Allergic Reaction
3 mins
Complement Disorders
Early Complement Deficiency
Pyogenic Infections
SLE
Sinus Infections
Terminal Complement Deficiency
Autosomal Recessive
Neisseria Infections
C5-C9
MAC (Membrane Attack Complex)
4 mins
C1 Esterase Inhibitor Deficiency
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Disinhibition of Kallikrein
Increased Bradykinin
Decreased C4
Clinical Features
Recurrent Angioedema
Upper Airway Obstruction
Considerations
ACE Inhibitors Contraindicated
Avoid Triggers
3 mins
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Pathophysiology
Defective PIG-A Gene
Deficiency of DAF (Decay Accelerating Factor CD55)
Symptoms
Dark Urine in the Morning
Intravascular Hemolysis
Thrombosis
Diagnosis
Decreased CD55 and CD59
Treatment
RBC Transfusion
Eculizumab
Bone Marrow Transplant is Curative
3 mins
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Pathophysiology
Most Commonly X-linked Recessive
Defective NADPH Oxidase (Enzyme Complex)
Decreased Hydrogen Peroxide
Impaired Intracellular Killing in Phagocytes
Signs and Symptoms
Recurrent Purulent Skin and Lung Infections
Catalase Positive Organisms
Diagnosis
Negative Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test
DHR (Dihydrorhodamine) Flow Cytometry
Treatment
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
Itraconazole
Interferon-Gamma
3 mins
Cell Surface Proteins - B Cells
Ig
CD19
CD20
CD21
CD40
MHC II
B7
1 min
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