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Melissa Shared "patho wk8" - 120 Picmonics

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patho wk8

Pain Assessment
Types of Pain
Acute Pain
Chronic Pain
OPQRST Mnemonic
Onset
Provoking or Palliative
Quality
Radiation
Severity
Timing
Nursing Considerations
Subjective Findings
Objective Findings
Reassessment of Pain
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2 mins
Vital Signs - Adult
Temperature (96.8-100.4 Degrees F) (36-38 Degrees C)
Rectal
Tympanic
Oral
Axillary
Temporal
Respiration (12-20)
Oxygen Saturation (95%-100%)
Pulse (60-100)
Blood Pressure (<120/80)
Pain
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2 mins
Fever
Flushed skin, warm to touch
Chills
Sweating
Change in LOC
Provide adequate fluids
Monitor Electrolytes and Fluid
Monitor vital signs, esp temperature
Remove excess clothing and blankets
Sponge bath with tepid water
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2 mins
Stages of Hypothermia
Mild
32 to 35°C (90 to 95°F)
Shivering
Moderate
28 to 32°C (82 to 90°F)
Obvious Motor Impairment
Slowed Thinking
Severe
< 28°C (< 82°F)
Shivering Stops
Paradoxical Undressing
Arrhythmias
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3 mins
Hypothermia Interventions
Remove From Environment
Remove Wet Clothing
Passive Rewarming
Warm Clothing
Active Rewarming
Heated Blankets
Warm IV Solutions
Heated Oxygen
Warm Gastric Lavage
Considerations
Warm Trunk BEFORE Extremities
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2 mins
Malignant Hyperthermia vs. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome vs. Serotonin Syndrome
Autonomic Instability
Muscle Rigidity
Malignant Hyperthermia
Ryanodine Receptor 1 Mutation
Inhaled Anesthetics
Succinylcholine
Dantrolene
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Antidopaminergic Medications
Hyporeflexia
Myoglobinuria
Dantrolene
Serotonin Syndrome
Serotonergic Medications
Hyperreflexia
Clonus
Cyproheptadine
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3 mins
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Cause/Mechanism
Narrowed or Obstructed Air Passage
Assessment
Apnea
Loud Snoring
Startle Response
Daytime Drowsiness
Interventions
Positional Therapy
Oral Appliance
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Surgery
Considerations
Weight Loss
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3 mins
Eye
Characteristics
Sclera
Cornea
Iris
Lens
Ciliary Muscles
Optic Nerve
Rods
Cones
Retina
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1 min
Cataract
Mechanism
Age-related
Assessment
No Pain
Cloudy Opaque Lens
Decreased Visual Acuity
Occurs Gradually
Treatment
Surgery
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1 min
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Mechanism
Dry (nonexudative)
Wet (exudative)
Signs and Symptoms
Scotomas
Blurred, Darkened Vision
Loss of Central Vision
Distortion of Vision
Considerations
Drug Therapy
Surgery
Low-vision Assistive Devices
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2 mins
Meniere's Disease
Mechanism
Excess Endolymph
Signs and Symptoms
Tinnitus
One-sided Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Vertigo
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Meclizine (Antivert)
Low Salt Diet
Surgery
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2 mins
Otitis Media Assessment
Red or Bulging Tympanic Membrane
Ear Pain
Pulling at Ear
Fever
Upper Respiratory Infection
Considerations
More Common in Young Children
Eustachian Tube Narrower
Conductive Hearing Loss
Smoking Increases Risk
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2 mins
Otitis Media Interventions
Antipyretics
Analgesics
Antibiotics
Irrigation
Position on Affected Side
Myringotomy
Tympanostomy Tube
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2 mins
Level of Consciousness: Descriptive guide for Glasgow Coma Scale
Conscious
Confused
Delirious
Somnolent
Obtunded
Stuporous
Comatose
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3 mins
5 A's of Alzheimer's Disease
Agnosia
Anomia
Aphasia
Apraxia
Amnesia
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1 min
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Assessment
Assessment
Inattention
Incomplete Tasks
Easily Distracted
Hyperactivity
Impulsiveness
Disruptive
Considerations
Two Areas of Life
Onset by Age 12
Symptoms > 6 Months
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3 mins
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Interventions
Drug Therapy
CNS Stimulants
Amphetamine
Methylphenidate
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
Atomoxetine (Strattera)
Guanfacine (Intuniv)
Considerations
Manage Disruptive Behavior
Provide Simple Instructions
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2 mins
Delirium
Mechanism
Rapid Onset
Reversible
Assessment
Hallucinations
Decline in Cognition
Short Attention Span
Rapid Speech
Change in Activity Level
Mood Swings
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2 mins
Types of Seizures
Tonic-Clonic
Tonic
Clonic
Absence (Petit Mal)
Myoclonic
Atonic
Partial (Focal) Seizure
Focal Aware (Formerly Called Simple Partial)
Focal Impaired Awareness (Formerly Called Complex Partial)
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3 mins
Seizure Precautions
Reduce Environmental Stimuli
Identify Triggers
Aura
Pad Side Rails
Bed Lowest Position
Oxygen and Suction Available
Consideration
Monitor Therapeutic Drug Levels
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2 mins

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Melissa Shared patho wk8 - 120 Picmonics