Dylan Shared "Path 2 Neoplasia" - 16 Picmonics
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Path 2 Neoplasia
Burkitt's Lymphoma
- Adolescents or young adults
- C-myc gene moves next to heavy chain Ig gene
- T 8;14
- Starry sky appearance
- Sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed macrophages
- Jaw lesion in endemic (African) form
- Pelvis or abdomen in non endemic form (American form)
- Associated with EBV
2 mins
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Pathophysiology
- BCR-ABL
- 9;22 Translocation
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Signs & Symptoms
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Low Alkaline Phosphatase
- Splenomegaly
- Considerations
- Blast Crisis
- Age 30 to 90 Years
- Responds to Imatinib
3 mins
Follicular Lymphoma
- Derives from Germinal Center
- Occurs in adults
- T14;18
- BCL 2 overexpression
- BCL 2 inhibits apoptosis
- Indolent
- Generalized lymphadenopathy
- Bone marrow involvement
2 mins
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Assessment
- Cause
- Lymphatic Cancer
- Non-Contiguous Spread
- B or T Cells
- Assessment
- Painless Lymphadenopathy
- Constitutional B Signs
- Night Sweats
- Fever
- Weight Loss
- Mediastinal or Abdominal Mass
- Considerations
- Older Adults
- > 60 Subtypes
2 mins
Hodgkin Lymphoma Pathophysiology
- Pathophysiology
- Reed-Sternberg Cells
- Binucleate
- Owl's Eyes Appearance
- CD 15 and CD 30
- B Cell Origin
- Bimodal Age Distribution
2 mins
Craniopharyngioma
- Hypopituitarism
- Remnants of Rathke's Pouch
- Tooth-enamel Like Calcification
- Cholesterol Crystals
- Yellow Viscous Fluid
- Headache
- Bitemporal Hemianopsia
1 min
Melanoma Mechanism and Characteristics
- Mechanism
- Associated with Sunlight Exposure
- Mutation in B-RAF kinase
- Large Number of Moles
- Fair-Skinned People at Higher Risk
- Growth Phases
- Radial Growth Phase
- No Metastasis
- Vertical Growth Phase
- Depth of Tumor Correlates with Risk of Metastasis
1 min
Small Cell (Oat Cell) Carcinoma
- Characteristics
- Aggressively Malignant
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- Central Location
- Amplification of Myc Oncogenes
- Signs and Symptoms
- Narrowing of Bronchial Airways
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Ectopic ACTH
- Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Diagnosis
- Kulchitsky Cells
- Neuron-Specific Enolase Positive
- Chromogranin A Positive
- Treatment
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
3 mins
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Chromosome 3
- Presentation
- Hemangioblastomas
- Medulla, Retina, Cerebellum
- Cysts
- Kidney, Liver, Pancreas
- Develop Bilateral Renal Carcinomas
- Pheochromocytomas
2 mins
Hemangioblastoma
- Most Often Cerebellar
- Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau
- Retinal Angiomas
- Can Produce EPO
- Secondary Polycythemia
- Foamy Cells
- High Vascularity
59 secs
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Characteristics
- Non-enveloped
- Circular
- Double Stranded DNA
- Disease
- Warts 1, 2, 6, 11
- Condyloma acuminata
- Type 16, 18
- Cervical Carcinoma
- Penile Carcinoma
- AIDS/Immunocompromised
- Worsened by Smoking
- Diagnosis
- Koilocytic change in squamous epithelium
- Pyknotic Nuclei Surrounded by Clear Halo
- Treatment
- Vaccine Available
4 mins
Epstein Barr Virus
- Characteristics
- Herpesvirus 4
- Double Stranded DNA
- Linear
- Enveloped
- Signs and Symptoms
- Infectious Mononucleosis
- Virus Attaches to CD21 in B Cells
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
- Burkitt's Lymphoma
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma
1 min
Hepatitis B Virus Characteristics
- Hepadnavirus
- Enveloped
- Circular
- Partially Double-stranded DNA
- Has Reverse Transcriptase
- IV Drug Use
- Sex
- Maternal Fetal Routes
- 3 Month Incubation Period
2 mins
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Characteristics
- Enveloped
- Double Stranded DNA
- Linear
- Signs and Symptoms
- Type 1 HSV
- Gingivostomatitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- Encephalitis of Temporal Lobes
- Latent in Trigeminal Ganglia
- Type 2 HSV
- Genital Vesicles
- Neonatal Herpes
- TORCHES
- Latent in Sacral Ganglia
- Diagnosis
- Tzanck Test
- Multinucleated Giant Cells
- Cowdry A Inclusions
- Treatment
- Acyclovir
2 mins
Rituximab
- Indications
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Formerly Wegener's)
- Mechanism
- Monoclonal Antibody Against CD20
- Found on B Cell Neoplasms
- Side Effects
- Infusion Reactions
- Skin and Mouth Reactions
- Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
3 mins
TNF-Alpha Inhibitor Drugs and Complications
- Etanercept
- Decoy TNF- Alpha receptor
- Anti-TNF- Alpha antibody
- Adalimumab
- Infliximab
- Complications
- Increased risk of infection
- Predispose to Tuberculosis (TB) reactivation
- Order Baseline PPD- skin test
- Quantiferon Gold In-Tube
- Order Chest X-Ray
2 mins
