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Matthew Shared "CP Exam 1 FA" - 98 Picmonics

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CP Exam 1 FA

Fetal Circulation
Placenta
Umbilical Vein
Ductus Venosus
Right Atrium
Foramen Ovale
Left Atrium
Aorta
Right Ventricle
Ductus Arteriosus
Umbilical Arteries
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2 mins
Postnatal Circulation
Infant Breathes
Decreased Pressure in Pulmonary Vasculature
Decreased Right Heart Pressure
Increased Left Atrial Pressure
Closes Foramen Ovale
Increased O2
Decreased Prostaglandins
Closed Ductus Arteriosus
Pharmacologic Intervention of Ductus Arteriosus
Open with Prostaglandins
Closed with Indomethacin
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3 mins
Coronary Arteries
Aortic Root
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
Right (Acute) Marginal Artery
Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)
Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery
Circumflex Artery
Left Marginal Artery
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1 min
Cardiac Cycle - Systole
Characteristics
AV Node
AV Node Conducts Signal to Bundle of His
Bundle of His Signals Purkinje Fibers to Contract Ventricles
Tricuspid Valve Closes
Pulmonary Valve Opens
Mitral Valve Closes
Aortic Valve Opens
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2 mins
Cardiac Cycle - Diastole
Characteristics
Aortic Valve Closes
Pulmonary Valve Closes
Ventricles Relax
Mitral Valve Opens
Tricuspid Valve Opens
Ventricles Fill
Sinoatrial (SA) Node Fires
Atrial Contraction
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3 mins
High Blood Pressure Response
Characteristics
Atria Release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
Vasodilation
Antagonizes Aldosterone
Na+ and Water Excreted
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1 min
Low Blood Pressure Response
Characteristics
Posterior Pituitary Releases Vasopressin
Vasoconstriction
Adrenal Cortex Releases Aldosterone
Increased Na+ and H2O Reabsorption
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1 min
Aortic Stenosis
Characteristics
Age-related Calcifications
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur
Systolic Murmur
Ejection Murmur
Ejection Click
Radiates to Carotids and Apex
Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
Syncope
Helmet Cells
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2 mins
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Holosystolic
Blowing Murmur
Radiates to Right Sternal Border
Enhanced by Inspiration
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1 min
Mitral Regurgitation
Characteristics
Holosystolic
Blowing Murmur
Loudest at Apex
Radiates toward Axilla
Louder by Squatting
Hand Grip
Expiration
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1 min
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Pathophysiology
Opening at Intraventricular Septum
Most Common Congenital Heart lesion
Symptoms
High-pitched Holosystolic Murmer (over left sternal border)
Dyspnea and Respiratory Distress
Loud Pulmonic S2
Diagnosis
Echocardiogram
Treatment
Small VSDs Close Spontaneously
Large VSDs Require Surgery
Complications
Endocarditis
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
CHF
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2 mins
Aortic Regurgitation
Auscultation
Diastolic Murmur
Immediate High-pitched
Blowing Murmur
Clinical Findings
Wide Pulse Pressure
Water Hammer Pulse
Head Bobbing
Pulsating Nail Bed
Considerations
Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur
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1 min
Mitral Stenosis
Characteristics
Murmur Follows Opening Snap
Late Diastolic Murmur
Enhanced by Expiration
Low-Pitched Rumbling
Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)
Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever
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2 mins
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Continuous
Machine like murmur
Often Due to Congenital Rubella
Prematurity
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1 min
Parts of an ECG
PQRST
P Wave
Atrial Depolarization
QRS Complex
Ventricular Depolarization
T Wave
Ventricular Repolarization
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2 mins
ECG Interpretation
Rate
Rhythm
P Waves
Upright, Rounded, Before Every QRS
PR Interval (< 0.20 seconds)
Normal QRS (< 0.12 seconds)
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2 mins
Right to Left Heart Shunts
The 5 Ts
Truncus Arteriosus
Transposition of the Great Vessels
Tricuspid Atresia
Tetralogy of Fallot
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
Associations
Cyanosis at Birth
May Require PDA
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1 min
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
Common Arterial Trunk
Single Trunk Emerges from Both Ventricles
Symptoms
Cyanosis
Pulmonary Congestion
Heart Failure
Single S2 Sound
Diagnosis
Echocardiogram
Chest X-ray
Treatment
Early Surgical Correction
Avoids Pulmonary Hypertension
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2 mins
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Features
Blue Baby Syndrome
Mechanism
PROVe Acronym
Pulmonary Infundibular Stenosis
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Diagnosis and Treatment
Boot-Shaped Heart
Squatting for Tet Spells
Surgery
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2 mins
Transposition of Great Vessels
Pathophysiology
Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation are in Parallel
Incompatible with Life Without a Shunt
Symptoms
Severe Cyanosis at Birth
Single S2 sound
Diagnosis
Echocardiogram
Chest X-ray shows "Egg-shaped Silhouette"
Treatment
Prostaglandin
Avoid NSAIDs
Surgical Correction
Balloon Atrial Septostomy
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2 mins

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