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Lee Shared "aCARDIAC" - 28 Picmonics

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aCARDIAC

Primary Hypertension Risk Factors
Excessive Alcohol Consumption
High Sodium Diet
Dyslipidemia
Obesity
People of African Descent
Advanced Age
Vitamin D Deficiency
Reduced Nephron Number
Diabetes
Lack of Physical Activity
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2 mins
Hypertension Management (JNC-8)
Goal of Treatment
Age Over 60 years (and Healthy)
150/90
Age Under 60 years (and Healthy)
Any Age with Diabetes or CKD
140/90
Treatment
ARB/ACE-I/Thiazide/CCB (Primary or Combo)
CKD (w/wo Diabetes)
ARB or ACE-I Primary
African American
Thiazide or CCB Primary
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3 mins
Hypertension Assessment
Mechanism
Essential Hypertension
Secondary Hypertension
Assessment
Headache
Vision Changes
Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
Chest Pain
Syncope (Fainting)
Diagnosis
Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
Nursing Considerations
Take BP Both Arms
Common in African Americans
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2 mins
Blood Pressure Classification (ACC/AHA 2017)
Classifications
Normal
Systolic Less than 120
Diastolic Less than 80
Elevated
Systolic +10 (120-129)
Diastolic Less than 80
Stage 1 Hypertension
Systolic +10 (130-139)
Diastolic +10 (80-89)
Stage 2 Hypertension
Systolic +40 (140-179)
Diastolic +30 (90-119)
Hypertensive Crisis
Systolic greater than or equal to 180
Diastolic greater than or equal to 120
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5 mins
Hypertension Intervention
Lifestyle Modifications
Weight Reduction and Exercise
Diet Changes
Relaxation Techniques
Smoking Cessation
Medications
Encourage Self Monitoring
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1 min
Hypertension Medications
Diuretics
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Beta Blockers
Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
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2 mins
ACE Inhibitors
-Pril Suffix
Indications
Hypertension
CHF
Diabetic Nephropathy
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits ACE
Decreases GFR
Inhibits Constriction of Efferent Arteriole
Side Effect
Increased Bradykinin
Cough
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1 min
ACE Inhibitor Toxicity
CAPTOPRIL Mnemonic
Cough
Angioedema
Potassium Changes (Hyperkalemia)
Taste Change
Hypotension
Pregnancy Changes
Rash
Increased Renin
Lower Angiotensin II
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2 mins
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
-sartan suffix
Indications
Hypertension
CHF
Diabetic Nephropathy
Mechanism of Action
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Side Effect
Hyperkalemia
Contraindication
Pregnancy
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1 min
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
Mechanism of Action
Slows AV Conduction
Indications
Angina Pectoris
Arrhythmias
Essential Hypertension
Side Effects
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Constipation
Peripheral Edema
Gingival Hyperplasia
Nursing Consideration
Medication Education
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2 mins
Thiazide Diuretics
Early Distal Tubule
Inhibits Na/Cl Reabsorption
Sulfa Drug
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
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2 mins
Loop Diuretics
Mechanism of Action
Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Symporter
Sulfa Drug
Drug Names
Furosemide
Lasix
Side Effects
Gout
Ototoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
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4 mins
Loop Diuretic Education
Furosemide (Lasix)
Indications
Heart Failure
Pulmonary Edema
Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
Edema
Education
Notify the provider of weakness, dizziness, or muscle cramping
Increase Potassium Intake
Check BP Daily
Daily Weights and Monitor IandOs
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1 min
Coronary Arteries
Aortic Root
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
Right (Acute) Marginal Artery
Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)
Left Coronary Artery (LCA)
Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Artery
Circumflex Artery
Left Marginal Artery
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1 min
Hypercholesterolemia Disease
Risk Factors
Diabetes
Smoking
Family History
Hypertension
HDL < 40
Men Older than 45 Years of Age
Women Older than 55 Years of Age
Signs and Symptoms
Atheromas
Plaques in Blood Vessel Walls
Tissue Ischemia
Xanthomas
Lipemia Retinalis
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2 mins
Hypercholesterolemia Treatment
Lifestyle Modifications (Diet, Exercise, Smoking Cessation)
Statins
Niacin
Ezetimibe
Fibrates
Bile Acid Resins
PCSK9 Inhibitors
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
Screening
Pooled Cohort Test
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2 mins
Hypercholesterolemia Risk Stratification
0 - 1 Risk Factors
< 160 mg/dl LDL goal
greater or equal to 2 Risk Factors and 10-year Risk ≤ 20%
< 130 mg/dL LDL Goal
Coronary Heart Disease OR >/= to 2 Risk Factors AND 10-Year Risk > 20%
< 100 mg/dL LDL Goal
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2 mins
Statins
Rhabdomyolysis
Hepatotoxicity
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Decrease LDL
Decrease Triglycerides
Increase HDL
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2 mins
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Characteristics
-statin Suffix
Mechanism
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Indications
High Cholesterol
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
Rash
Rhabdomyolysis
Myopathy
Considerations
Monitor Liver Enzymes
Administer at Bedtime
Avoid Grapefruit
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2 mins
Fibrates
Indications
Hyperlipidemia
Mechanism of Action
Upregulate LPL
Decreases Triglycerides
Slight Increase in HDL
Slight Decrease in LDL
Side Effect
Hepatotoxicity
Cholesterol Gallstones
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1 min

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Lee Shared aCARDIAC - 28 Picmonics