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pharm
Acute Digoxin Toxicity
Clinical Symptoms
Hyperkalemia
Cholinergic (Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea)
Blurry Yellow Green Vision with Halo of Light
Arrhythmia
Bradycardia
EKG Changes
Prolonged PR interval
Decreased QT
Scooping on EKG
T Wave Inversion
2 mins
Beta Blocker Antidote
Antidote
Glucagon
29 secs
Beta Blockers
"-olol" suffix
Mechanism
Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
Decreases Renin Release
Indications
Hypertension
Heart Failure
Angina Pectoris
Contraindications
Asthma and Heart Block Patients
Nursing Considerations
Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
Do Not Stop Abruptly
2 mins
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
Common Injections Sites: Deltoid, Vastus Lateralis, Ventrogluteal, and Dorsogluteal Muscles
Absorbed Fast
Vaccines and Epinephrine
3 mL Limit
Subcutaneous (SC)
Common Injections Sites: Abdomen, Arm, and Thigh
Absorbed Slower
Insulin and Hormones
Small Volumes
Intradermal (ID)
Common Injection Sites: Back of Forearm and Upper Back
Longest to Absorb
Tuberculosis and Allergy Testing
Under 0.5 mL
5 mins
Peak and Trough
Peak
Highest Concentration
Trough
Lowest Level of Therapeutic Range
Obtain Before Next Dose
Half-Life
2 mins
Routes of Administration Part One
Enteral Administration
Oral
Sublingual
Buccal
Rectal
Tubes
Topical or Mucous Membrane Administration
Transdermal
Drops/Spray
Vaginal
Inhalation Administration
Inhalation
2 mins
Routes of Administration Part Two (Parenteral)
Parenteral Administration
Intradermal
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular (IM)
Intravenous
Epidural
Intrathecal
Intraosseous
Intraperitoneal
2 mins
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
Respiratory
Bronchoconstriction
Metabolic
Decreased Insulin
Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
Eye
Reduces Intraocular Pressure
1 min
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
Mechanism
Nutrition Given Outside GI
Side Effects
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Refeeding Syndrome
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Slow IV Infusion
Use Large Central Vein
No Added Meds to TPN Line
2 mins
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