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Gastrology
Foregut Structures, Blood Supply and Innervation
Structures
Esophagus
Lower Respiratory Tract
Stomach
Proximal Duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
Vascular Supply
Celiac Artery
Innervation
Vagus Nerve
2 mins
Midgut Structures, Blood Supply and Innervation
Structures
Distal Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Appendix
Ascending Colon
Proximal 2/3 of Transverse Colon
Vascular Supply
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Innervation
Vagus Nerve
Lesser Splanchnic Nerve
2 mins
Hindgut Structures, Blood Supply and Innervation
Structures
Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Pectinate (Dentate) Line
Urogenital Sinus
Vascular Supply
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Innervation
Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves
Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves
2 mins
Large Intestine
Characteristics
Colon
Electrolyte Reabsorption
Water Reabsorption
Microflora Produce Vitamins
Rectum Stores Feces
1 min
Retroperitoneal Structures
SAD PUCKER Mnemonic
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal (Adrenal) Gland
Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava
Duodenum (Parts 2-4)
Pancreas (Head, Neck, and Body)
Ureters
Colon (Ascending and Descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
2 mins
Pancreas
Characteristics
Acinar Cells Release Digestive Enzymes
Ductal Epithelial Cells Release Bicarbonate
Islets of Langerhans
Beta Cells Release Insulin
Alpha Cells Release Glucagon
Delta Cells Release Somatostatin
Somatostatin Inhibits Alpha and Beta Cells
3 mins
Annular Pancreas
Characteristics
Congenital Anomaly
Fusion of Ventral and Dorsal Pancreatic Buds
Circumferential Duodenal Compression
Associations
Down Syndrome
Clinical Features
Polyhydramnios
Poor Feeding
Vomiting
Diagnosis
Double Bubble Sign
Management
Surgery
2 mins
Branchial Pouches: 2nd Pouch
Palatine Tonsils
38 secs
Inguinal Canal
2MALT
2 Muscles Form the Roof
Internal Oblique
Transverse Abdominus Muscle
2 Aponeuroses Form the Anterior Wall
External and Internal Abdominal Oblique Aponeuroses
2 Ligaments Form Floor
Lacunar Ligament
Inguinal Ligament
2 T's Form the Posterior Wall
Transversalis Fascia
Conjoint Tendon
Deep Ring is Defect in Transversalis Fascia
Superficial Ring is Formed by Defect in the External Abdominal Oblique Aponeurosis
2 mins
Omphalocele
Characteristics
Herniation of Abdominal Organs via Umbilicus
Covered by Peritoneum
Defect of Lateral Fold Closure
Associations
Trisomy Syndromes
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Diagnosis
Increased AFP
Management
Surgery
2 mins
Gastroschisis
Characteristics
Herniation of Abdominal Organs via Abdominal Wall
Not Covered by Peritoneum
Right Side of Umbilicus
Associations
Prematurity
Diagnosis
Increased AFP
Management
Surgery
Complications
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Short Bowel Syndrome
2 mins
Portosystemic Anastomoses
Characteristics
Portal Hypertension
Anastomoses
Left Gastric Vein - Esophageal Veins
Esophageal Varices
Paraumbilical Veins - Epigastric Veins
Caput Medusae
Superior Rectal Vein - Middle & Inferior Rectal Veins
Anorectal Varices
2 mins
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Secreted by I Cells
Duodenum and Jejunum
Physiology
Increase Pancreatic Secretions
Increase Gallbladder Contraction
Induce Relaxation of Sphincter of Oddi
Decrease Gastric Emptying
Regulation
Increased by Fatty Acids and Amino Acids
1 min
Somatostatin
Secreted by D Cells
Pancreas
GI Tract
Action
Decrease Secretion of Gastric Acid and Pepsinogen
Decrease Pancreatic and Small Intestine Fluid Secretion
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