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lois Shared "Pharm Exam 4" - 49 Picmonics

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Pharm Exam 4

Abciximab and Tirofiban (GP IIb/IIIa Inhibitors)
Mechanism
IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibitors
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Indications
Thrombotic Event Prevention
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Side Effects
Bleeding
Considerations
Expensive
Combination Drug Therapy
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2 mins
Alteplase
Mechanism
Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Indications
Thrombosis
Side Effects
Bleeding
Contraindications
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Internal Hemorrhaging
Considerations
Minimize Bleeding
Monitor for Shock
Antidote
Aminocaproic Acid
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Aspirin
Indications
Fever
Pain and Headache
Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
Mechanism of Action
Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Suppress Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins
NSAID
Side Effects
Reye's Syndrome
Tinnitus
Peptic Ulceration
Mixed Acidosis/Alkalosis
Nephropathy
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Bile Acid Resins
Indications
Hyperlipidemia
Mechanism of Action
Bile Acid Reabsorption Prevented
Slight Increase HDL/Triglycerides
Decrease LDL
Drugs
Colestipol (Colestid)
Cholestyramine
Colesevelam
Side Effects
Cholesterol Gallstones
Decreased Absorption of Fat-soluble Vitamins
Patients Hate It
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2 mins
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
Mechanism of Action
Slows AV Conduction
Indications
Angina Pectoris
Arrhythmias
Essential Hypertension
Side Effects
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Constipation
Peripheral Edema
Gingival Hyperplasia
Nursing Consideration
Medication Education
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2 mins
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Mechanism
ADP Receptor Antagonist
Prevent Platelet Aggregation
Indications
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Prevention of Thrombotic Events
Side Effects
Bleeding
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Pancytopenia
Abdominal Pain
Considerations
Withhold Before Surgery
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2 mins
Dipyrimadole and Cilostazol
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Prolongs cAMP
Inhibit platelet aggregation
Increases serum adenosine
increases prostacyclin levels
Used with aspirin for stroke prevention
Common used in PAD
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1 min
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Indications
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Venous Thromboembolism
Drug Names
Dabigatran
Bivalirudin
Argatroban
Mechanism of Action
Inhibition of Thrombin
Antidotes
Idarucizumab
Activated Prothrombin Complex Concentrate
Side Effects
Bleeding
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3 mins
Ezetimibe
Indications
Hyperlipidemia
Mechanism of Action
Cholesterol Absorption Blocker
Decreases LDL
Side Effects
Diarrhea
Increased LFT Values
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Factor Xa Inhibitors
Characteristics
Inhibit Factor Xa
-xaban
Drugs
Apixaban
Rivaroxaban
Indications
Pulmonary Embolism
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Considerations
Andexanet Alfa
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Fibrates
Indications
Hyperlipidemia
Mechanism of Action
Upregulate LPL
Decreases Triglycerides
Slight Increase in HDL
Slight Decrease in LDL
Side Effect
Hepatotoxicity
Cholesterol Gallstones
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Heparin Indications
Indications
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
Prophylaxis
Pulmonary Embolism
Atrial Fibrillation
Used during Pregnancy
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Heparin Mechanisms
Mechanism of Action
Short Half-life
Antithrombin Activation Cofactor
Decrease Thrombin, Factor Xa
Side Effects
Bleeding
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Antidote
Protamine Sulfate
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2 mins
Hypercholesterolemia Treatment
Lifestyle Modifications (Diet, Exercise, Smoking Cessation)
Statins
Niacin
Ezetimibe
Fibrates
Bile Acid Resins
PCSK9 Inhibitors
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
Screening
Pooled Cohort Test
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2 mins
Myocardial Infarction Interventions
MONA
Morphine
Oxygen
Nitrates
Aspirin
Thrombolytics (tPA)
Invasive Procedures
Cardiac Catheterization
Stent Placement
Angioplasty
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Considerations
Decrease Modifiable Risk Factors
Resuming Activity (Physical, Sexual)
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Nitrates
Nitrate Action
induces relaxation of the peripheral vascular smooth muscles which dilates veins and arteries
Nitrate Use
Treats Angina Pectoris
Therapeutic outcome of Nitrates
Relief of anginal pain, reduced frequency and severity of anginal attacks, increased tolerance of activities
Common Side Effects of Nitrates
Excessive Hypotension, Prolonged headache, tolerance
Nitrate Drug Interactions
Alcohol, Calcium Channel Blockers, Beta-blockers, Avanafil, Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
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PCSK9-Inhibitors
AVAILABLE DRUGS
Evolocumab
Alirocumab
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Monoclonal Antibodies
Bind the PCSK9 Enzyme
Decreased Degradation of LDL-receptors
Increased LDL Receptors on Hepatocytes
Reduction of LDL in Plasma
INDICATION
Second-line Therapy for Hypercholesterolemia
ADMINISTRATION
Subcutaneous Injection
SIDE EFFECTS
Skin Reaction at the Injection Site
Myalgia
Neurocognitive Impairment
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Protamine Sulfate
For excessive hemorrhage
Forms a stable ion complex with UFH
Lacks anticoagulant activity
Reversal agent
Can measure PTT
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44 secs
Statins
Rhabdomyolysis
Hepatotoxicity
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Decrease LDL
Decrease Triglycerides
Increase HDL
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2 mins
Warfarin
Mechanism of Action
Interferes with Vitamin K-dependent Clotting Factors
Extrinsic Pathway
Bridge with Heparin
Indications
Chronic Anticoagulation
Side Effects
Bleeding
Necrosis
Cytochrome P450
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Antidote
FFP + Vitamin K
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2 mins

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lois Shared Pharm Exam 4 - 49 Picmonics