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Lesson 3 Study
Cardiac Cycle - Systole
Characteristics
AV Node
AV Node Conducts Signal to Bundle of His
Bundle of His Signals Purkinje Fibers to Contract Ventricles
Tricuspid Valve Closes
Pulmonary Valve Opens
Mitral Valve Closes
Aortic Valve Opens
2 mins
Cardiac Cycle - Diastole
Characteristics
Aortic Valve Closes
Pulmonary Valve Closes
Ventricles Relax
Mitral Valve Opens
Tricuspid Valve Opens
Ventricles Fill
Sinoatrial (SA) Node Fires
Atrial Contraction
3 mins
Lymphatics
Characteristics
Recycles 10% of Interstitial Fluid
Transport Large Lipids from Lacteals
Unidirectional Valves
Lymph Nodes Filter Lymph
WBCs Monitor Lymph for Pathogens
Merge with Veins
2 mins
MET Levels
Metabolic Equivalent
MET Levels
MET Levels 1.0-1.4
Bedrest
MET Levels 1.4-2.0
Sitting Up in Chair
MET Levels 2.0-3.0
Seated Warm Shower
MET Levels 3.0-3.5
Standing Warm Shower
MET Levels 3.5-4.0
Golfing
MET Levels 4.0-10
High-Impact Aerobics
Considerations
Cardiac Rehabilitation
3 mins
Phases of Cardiac Rehabilitation
Scores
MET Levels
Phase 1
Acute Phase
Assessment
Education
Discharge
Goals
Phase 2
Outpatient Phase
Reinforcing Phase 1
Ergonomic Approach
Phase 3
Community Based
Therapy Settings and Cardiac Rehab
Acute Care
Long-Term Acute Care
Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNF)
Independent Living
5 mins
Cardiac Pacemaker Action Potential
Phase 0
Depolarization
Rapid Influx of Calcium
Phase 3
Repolarization
Potassium Efflux
Phase 4
Depolarization
Slow Influx of Sodium
2 mins
Myocardium Action Potential
Phase 0
Rapid Depolarization
Influx of Sodium
Phase 1
Early Repolarization
Efflux of Potassium
Phase 2
Plateau
Influx of Calcium
Phase 3
Rapid Repolarization
Massive Potassium Efflux
Phase 4
Resting Phase
2 mins
Aortic Stenosis
Characteristics
Age-related Calcifications
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur
Systolic Murmur
Ejection Murmur
Ejection Click
Radiates to Carotids and Apex
Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
Syncope
Helmet Cells
2 mins
Aortic Regurgitation
Auscultation
Diastolic Murmur
Immediate High-pitched
Blowing Murmur
Clinical Findings
Wide Pulse Pressure
Water Hammer Pulse
Head Bobbing
Pulsating Nail Bed
Considerations
Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur
1 min
Tricuspid Regurgitation
Holosystolic
Blowing Murmur
Radiates to Right Sternal Border
Enhanced by Inspiration
1 min
Mitral Stenosis
Characteristics
Murmur Follows Opening Snap
Late Diastolic Murmur
Enhanced by Expiration
Low-Pitched Rumbling
Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)
Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever
2 mins
Mitral Regurgitation
Characteristics
Holosystolic
Blowing Murmur
Loudest at Apex
Radiates toward Axilla
Louder by Squatting
Hand Grip
Expiration
1 min
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Continuous
Machine like murmur
Often Due to Congenital Rubella
Prematurity
1 min
Tetralogy of Fallot
Blue Baby Syndrome (Cyanosis)
Crying or Feeding
PROVe
Pulmonary Stenosis
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Diagnosis and Treatment
Boot-Shaped Heart
Squatting for Tet Spells
Surgery
2 mins
Atrioventricular Block Types
First Degree
First Degree
PR Interval > 200ms
No Treatment Needed
Second Degree
Second Degree
Mobitz I (Wenckebach)
Progressive PR Interval Lengthening with Nonconducted QRS Complex
Mobitz II
Constant PR Interval with Nonconducted QRS Complex
Third Degree
Third Degree
Atrioventricular Dissociation
3 mins
12 Lead Contiguous Leads - Lateral Wall MI
Leads Elevated
Lead I
Lead aVL
Lead V5
Lead V6
Artery Affected
Circumflex
1 min
12 Lead Contiguous Leads - Anterior Wall MI
Leads Elevated
Lead V3
Lead V4
Artery Affected
Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
56 secs
12 Lead Contiguous Leads - Inferior Wall MI
Leads Elevated
Lead II
Lead III
Lead aVF
Artery Affected
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
56 secs
12 Lead Contiguous Leads - Septal Wall MI
Elevated Leads
Lead V1
Lead V2
Artery Affected
Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
48 secs
Blood Transfusion Administration
Proper Patient Identification
Large Bore Needle
Y Tubing
Baseline Vital Signs
Slow IV Infusion
Monitor During First 15 Minutes or 50 mL of Blood
Monitor for Reactions
Considerations
Do Not Add Anything To Same IV Line
No Dextrose or Lactated Ringers
Jehovah's Witnesses, No Transfusions
3 mins
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