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Adrian Shared "Path Test Two" - 110 Picmonics

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Path Test Two

Microcytic Anemia Causes
MCV < 80
Causes
Thalassemias
Chronic Disease or Illness
Lead Toxicity
Late Iron Deficiency
Sideroblastic Anemia
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1 min
Normocytic Nonhemolytic Anemia Causes
MCV 80-100
Nonhemolytic
Anemia of Chronic Disease/Inflammation
Aplastic Anemia
Chronic Kidney Disease
Early Iron Deficiency
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1 min
Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia Causes
Intrinsic Hemolytic
Hereditary Spherocytosis
RBC Enzyme Deficiency
Hemoglobin C Defect
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Sickle Cell Anemia
Extrinsic Hemolytic
Autoimmune
Microangiopathic
Mechanical Destruction
Prosthetic Cardiac Valves
Infection
Snake Venom
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2 mins
Macrocytic Anemia Causes
MCV > 100
Megaloblastic
B12 Deficiency
Folate Deficiency
Orotic Aciduria
Non Megaloblastic
Alcoholism
Liver Disease
Reticulocytosis
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2 mins
Anemia Lab Values
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Serum Iron Decreased
Transferrin Increased
Ferritin Decreased
% Transferrin Saturation Decreased
Pregnancy and OCP Use
Serum Iron Normal
Transferrin Increased
Ferritin Normal
% Transferrin Saturation Decreased
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Serum Iron Decreased
Transferrin Decreased
Ferritin Increased
% Transferrin Saturation Decreased or Normal
Hemochromatosis
Serum Iron Increased
Transferrin Decreased
Ferritin Increased
% Transferrin Saturation Increased
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3 mins
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Causes
Malnutrition/Malabsorption
Hemorrhage
Signs
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
Decreased Heme Synthesis
Labs
Decreased Reticulocytes
Decreased Ferritin
Increased Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
Poikilocytosis
Anisocytosis
Increased Central Pallor
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2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Mechanism)
Intrinsic Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia
Point Mutation
Autosomal Recessive
African American
Dehydration or Decreased O2
Newborns Asymptomatic
Heterozygote Malarial Resistance
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2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Signs and Complications)
Signs
Crew-cut on Skull X-ray
Complications
Auto-splenectomy
Painful Crisis
Aplastic Crisis
Splenic-sequestration Crisis
Hyper-hemolytic Syndrome
Renal Papillary Necrosis
Salmonella osteomyelitis
Pulmonary Hypertension
Hyposthenuria
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2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Management)
Long Term Treatment
Hydroxyurea
Bone Marrow Transplant
Folate
Acute Treatment
Exchange Transfusion
Prophylaxis
Penicillin Prophylaxis
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1 min
Beta Thalassemia
Mechanism
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
Mediterranean Populations
Decreased Beta-Globin
Beta-Thalassemia Minor
Increased HbA2
No Intervention
Beta-thalassemia Major
Blood Transfusions
Hemochromatosis
Crew-cut on Skull X-Ray
Diagnosis
Electrophoresis
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2 mins
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Defect in Pyruvate Kinase
Decreased ATP
Extravascular Hemolysis
Presentation / Symptoms
Hemolytic Anemia in a Newborn
Diagnosis
RBC Enzyme Assay
Echinocytes
Burr Cells
Small Uniform Projections
Normocytic Anemia
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2 mins
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
Mechanism
Autosomal Recessive
Deficiency of Glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) Receptor
Symptoms
Mucosal Membrane Bleeding
Menorrhagia
Easy Bruising
Labs
Large Platelets
Increased Bleeding Time
No Platelet Agglutination with Ristocetin
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3 mins
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Inhibition or deficiency of ADAMTS 13
vWF Multimers are Not Degraded
Microthrombi (and Emboli)
Symptoms
FAT RN Pentad
Fever
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal Dysfunction
Neurologic Abnormalities (Altered Mental status)
Treatment
Plasmapheresis
Corticosteroids
Splenectomy
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2 mins
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Children
Pathophysiology
Preceded by Acute Diarrheal Illness
Endothelial Damage
Classic Triad of Symptoms
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)
Thrombocytopenia
Renal Failure
Labs
Helmet cells
LDH
Treatment
Dialysis
Supportive
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2 mins
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
Pathophysiology
5-10 Days After Heparin Exposure
Heparin-Platelet Factor 4 Complex
Autoantibodies Form Against Complex
Heparin-Platelet Factor 4-Antibody Complex Binds Platelets
Platelet Aggregation
Procoagulant Release
Symptoms
Thrombocytopenia
Diagnosis
Serotonin Release Assay (SRA)
Treatment
Stop Heparin, Start Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
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2 mins
Von Willebrand Disease
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorder
Mechanism
Autosomal Dominant Condition Leading to Reduced vWF
Defect in platelet plug formation
Labs
Increased Bleeding Time
PTT increased
Factor VIII decreased
Normal platelet count
Treatment
DDAVP (synthetic vasopressin)
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1 min
Protein C or S Deficiency
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Inability to Inactivate Factor Va and VIIIa
Symptoms
Hypercoagulable State
Recurrent DVTs or DVTs at Young Age
Treatment
Begin Heparin
Slowly Bridge to Warfarin
Hemorrhagic Skin Necrosis
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2 mins
Polycythemia Vera Disease
Pathophysiology
JAK2 Mutation leading to increased red blood cells
Tyrosine Kinase
Symptoms
Erythromelalgia
Pruritus
Often After Hot Shower
Headache
Treatment
Phlebotomy
Aspirin
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1 min
Polycythemia Vera Labs
Lab Findings (The 4 H's)
Hypervolemia
Histaminemia
Hyperviscosity
Hyperuricemia
Diagnosis
Elevated Hemoglobin or Hematocrit
Positive Jak2 Mutation
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1 min
Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia
Pathophysiology
Most Common Genetic Clotting Disorder in Caucasians
Genetic Point Mutation
Glutamine Replaces Arginine
Mutant Factor V
Resistant to Degradation by Activated Protein C
Symptoms
Hypercoagulability
Recurrent DVT (Increased Risk of Thromboembolism)
Considerations
Avoid Oral Contraceptives
Caution During Pregnancy
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2 mins

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