jeremy Shared "heme onc" - 53 Picmonics
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heme onc
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Ages < 15
- May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
- Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
- TdT Positive
- CALLA Positive
- t(12;21) Better Prognosis
- Spread to CNS and Testes
- Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- Myeloblasts Increase on Peripheral Smear
- Median Onset 60 Years
- T 15;17 M3 Subtype
- Auer Rods
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a Common Presentation
- M5 Gum Infiltration
- Responds to Vitamin A
3 mins
Adult T Cell Lymphoma
- Caused by HTLV 1
- Japan, West Africa, Caribbean
- Present with cutaneous lesions
- Aggressive
1 min
Alteplase
- Mechanism
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
- Indications
- Thrombosis
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Contraindications
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Internal Hemorrhaging
- Considerations
- Minimize Bleeding
- Monitor for Shock
- Antidote
- Aminocaproic Acid
2 mins
Aromatase Inhibitors
- Indications
- Estrogen Receptor-positive (ER+) Breast Tumors
- Systemic Metastases
- Drugs
- Reversible, non-steroid
- Letrozole
- Anastrozole
- Irreversible, steroid
- Exemestane
- Side Effects
- Osteoporosis
- Arthritis
1 min
Azathioprine (Imuran)
- Mechanism
- Antimetabolite
- Prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
- Inhibits Synthesis of Nucleic Acids
- Indications
- Autoimmune Disorders
- Kidney Transplantation
- Side Effects
- Myelosuppression
- Increased Toxicity with Allopurinol Use
- Pancreatitis
- Malignancy
3 mins
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
- Mechanism
- Autosomal Recessive
- Deficiency of Glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) Receptor
- Symptoms
- Mucosal Membrane Bleeding
- Menorrhagia
- Easy Bruising
- Labs
- Large Platelets
- Increased Bleeding Time
- No Platelet Agglutination with Ristocetin
3 mins
Beta Thalassemia
- Mechanism
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Mediterranean Populations
- Decreased Beta-Globin
- Beta-Thalassemia Minor
- Increased HbA2
- No Intervention
- Beta-thalassemia Major
- Blood Transfusions
- Hemochromatosis
- Crew-cut on Skull X-Ray
- Diagnosis
- Electrophoresis
2 mins
Bleomycin
- Indications
- Testicular Cancer
- Hodgkin's Lymphoma
- Mechanism of Action
- Induces Free Radical Formation
- Breaks in DNA Strands
- Side Effects
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Skin Changes
- Mucositis
1 min
Burkitt's Lymphoma
- Adolescents or young adults
- C-myc gene moves next to heavy chain Ig gene
- T 8;14
- Starry sky appearance
- Sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed macrophages
- Jaw lesion in endemic (African) form
- Pelvis or abdomen in non endemic form (American form)
- Associated with EBV
2 mins
Busulfan
- Indications
- CML
- Bone Marrow Ablation
- Mechanism
- Cross-Links DNA
- Side Effects
- Myelosuppression
- Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Hyperpigmentation
55 secs
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Age > 60 Years
- B Cell Neoplasm
- Smudge Cells
- Often Asymptomatic
- Cold IgM Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Warm IgG Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Richter's Transformation
3 mins
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Pathophysiology
- BCR-ABL
- 9;22 Translocation
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Signs & Symptoms
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Low Alkaline Phosphatase
- Splenomegaly
- Considerations
- Blast Crisis
- Age 30 to 90 Years
- Responds to Imatinib
3 mins
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Mechanism
- ADP Receptor Antagonist
- Prevent Platelet Aggregation
- Indications
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Prevention of Thrombotic Events
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- Pancytopenia
- Abdominal Pain
- Considerations
- Withhold Before Surgery
2 mins
Coagulation Cascade
- Secondary Hemostasis
- Intrinsic Pathway
- Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
- Heparin
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- Warfarin
- Common Pathway
- Thrombin
- Convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin
- Stabilizes the Platelet Plug
2 mins
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
- Epidemiology
- Most Common Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
- Usually in Older Adults
- 20% in Children
- Features
- May be Mature T Cell in Origin
- Derives from Germinal Center
- GI Tract and Brain
2 mins
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Pathophysiology
- Bleeding State
- Activation of Clotting Factors
- Deficiency of Clotting Factors
- Causes
- Sepsis
- Trauma
- Obstetric Complications
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Malignancy
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Transfusion
2 mins
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
- Indications
- Solid Tumors
- Lymphomas and Leukemias
- Mechanism
- Free Radical Production
- Intercalates DNA
- Prevents Double Helix from Sealing
- Side Effect
- Cardiotoxicity
- Dexrazoxane Decreases Toxicity
1 min
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Clotting Factors
- Factor Xa
- Indications
- Clot Formation Prevention
- Side Effects
- Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Bleeding
- Considerations
- Medication Education
- Subcutaneous Injection
- 2 Inches from Umbilicus or Incisions
- Antidote
- Protamine Sulfate
2 mins
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
- Mechanism
- Antimetabolite
- "Thymine-less Death"
- Indications
- Slow-growing Solid Tumors
- Co-administered with Leucovorin for Stomach Cancer
- Basal Cell Carcinoma (Topical)
- Side Effects
- Myelosuppression
- Mucositis
- Severe Diarrhea
3 mins
