Britney Shared "Clin Med: Exam 4 "Heme"" - 51 Picmonics
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Clin Med: Exam 4 "Heme"
Beta Thalassemia
- Mechanism
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Mediterranean Populations
- Decreased Beta-Globin
- Beta-Thalassemia Minor
- Increased HbA2
- No Intervention
- Beta-thalassemia Major
- Blood Transfusions
- Hemochromatosis
- Crew-cut on Skull X-Ray
- Diagnosis
- Electrophoresis
2 mins
Alpha Thalassemia
- Epidemiology
- Asian and African Descent
- Pathophysiology
- Chromosome 16
- 4 Alleles
- Alpha Thalassemia Minima
- Silent Carrier
- Alpha thalassemia trait
- Cis-deletion
- Trans-deletion
- Hemoglobin H Disease (intermedia form)
- Hemoglobin H Disease
- Jaundice and Anemia at Birth
- Hemochromatosis
- 4 Beta-Chains
- Hemoglobin Bart Disease
- Hemoglobin Bart Disease
- Hydrops Fetalis
- Incompatible With Life
- Diagnosis
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Target cells
- Electrophoresis
- DNA analysis
- Treatment
- DeFEroxamine
- Blood Transfusion
- Curative
- Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
8 mins
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Causes
- Malnutrition/Malabsorption
- Hemorrhage
- Signs
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Decreased Heme Synthesis
- Labs
- Decreased Reticulocytes
- Decreased Ferritin
- Increased Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
- Poikilocytosis
- Anisocytosis
- Increased Central Pallor
2 mins
Hemochromatosis Pathophysiology
- Pathophysiology
- Hemosiderin Deposition
- Autosomal Recessive
- HLA-A3
- Secondary to Transfusion Therapy
- Increase Iron
- Increase Ferritin
- Increased Transferrin Saturation
2 mins
Hemochromatosis Signs and Symptoms
- Signs and Symptoms
- Micronodular Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Diabetes
- Bronze Skin Coloring
- CHF
- Arthropathy
- Testicular Atrophy
- Impotence
2 mins
Sideroblastic Anemia
- defective protoporphyrin synthesis
- iron trapped in mitochondria
- causes
- congenital defect (ALAS enzyme)
- vitamin B6 deficiency (cofactor for ALAS)
- lead poisoning (inhibits ALAD & ferrochelatase)
- Alcoholism
- basophilic stippling (on periph. smear) (= rRNA accum. [bc rRNA degradation inhibited])
- ringed sideroblasts (in bone marrow)
Sickle Cell Anemia (Signs and Complications)
- Signs
- Crew-cut on Skull X-ray
- Complications
- Auto-splenectomy
- Painful Crisis
- Aplastic Crisis
- Splenic-sequestration Crisis
- Hyper-hemolytic Syndrome
- Renal Papillary Necrosis
- Salmonella osteomyelitis
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- Hyposthenuria
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Hemoglobin S (Genetic Defect)
- Sickle Shaped RBCs
- Assessment
- Jaundice
- Vaso Occlusive Crisis
- Fever
- Priapism
- Severe Pain
- Considerations
- Prominent in African Americans
- May be Asymptomatic
- Increased Risk of Infection
2 mins
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Causes
- Causes
- Vegans
- Pernicious Anemia
- Gastric Bypass Surgery
- Malabsorption
- Sprue
- Enteritis
- Crohn's Disease
- Diphyllobothrium latum
4 mins
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Mechanism and Deficiency
- Mechanism
- Cobalamin
- Large reserve pool in the liver
- Homocysteine to methionine
- Methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
- Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Hypersegmented Neutrophils
- Neurologic defects
- Posterior column
- Lateral corticospinal tract
- Spinocerebellar tract
5 mins
Folate Deficiency
- Clinical Features
- Macrocytic Anemia
- Megaloblastic Anemia
- Etiologies
- Malabsorption
- Dietary
- Tea and Toast
- Alcoholics
- Medication-induced
- Methotrexate
- Trimethoprim
- Increased Requirement
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Pregnancy
2 mins
Anemia of Chronic disease
- Normocytic Nonhemolytic Anemia Causes
- Inflammation
- Increase Hepcidin
- Labs
- Decrease Iron
- Decrease TIBC
- Increase Ferritin
- Associations
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- SLE
- Chronic Kidney Disease
Aplastic Anemia
- Presentation / Symptoms
- Pancytopenia
- Fatigue
- Bleeding
- Infections
- Diagnosis
- Diagnosis of Exclusion
- Bone Marrow Biopsy
- Treatment
- Supportive Therapy
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Overview
- Tacrolimus
- Alemtuzumab
Cold Agglutinin Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (C-AIHA)
- Pathophysiology
- IgM Binds to RBCs at Cold Temperatures (28-31C)
- Extravascular Hemolysis
- Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
- Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
- Infectious Mononucleosis
- Lymphomas and CLL
- Symptoms
- Acrocyanosis with Cold Exposure
- Blue Fingers and Toes
- Diagnosis
- Positive Coombs Test
- Treatment
- Avoid Cold
- Rituximab
- +/- Fludarabine
4 mins
Warm Agglutinin Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (W-AIHA)
- Pathophysiology
- Most Common Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- IgG Coats RBCs at Warm Temperatures
- Fc Portion of IgG Recognized By Macrophages
- Extravascular Hemolysis
- Medications
- Alpha Methyldopa
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Diagnosis
- Positive Coombs Test
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Splenectomy
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Rituximab
3 mins
Schistocytes
- Schistocytes
- Helmet cells
- Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia Causes
- Microangiopathic anemia
- Microangiopathic
- DIC
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- SLE
- Malignant Hypertension
- Macroangiopathic
- Prosthetic Cardiac Valves
- Aortic Stenosis
- Mechanical Destruction
Hereditary Spherocytosis Disease
- Northern Europeans
- Mechanisms
- Autosomal Dominant
- Spectrin/Ankyrin Deficiency
- Spherocyte Formation
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Symptoms
- Bilirubin Gallstones
- Jaundice
- Splenomegaly
3 mins
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- Pathophysiology
- Defective PIG-A Gene
- Deficiency of DAF (Decay Accelerating Factor CD55)
- Symptoms
- Dark Urine in the Morning
- Intravascular Hemolysis
- Thrombosis
- Diagnosis
- Decreased CD55 and CD59
- Treatment
- RBC Transfusion
- Eculizumab
- Bone Marrow Transplant is Curative
3 mins
G6PD Deficiency
- X-linked Recessive
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Inflammatory Response
- Fava Beans
- Sulfonamides
- Primaquine
- Anti TB Drugs
- Heinz Bodies
- Bite Cells
- Prevalent Among African Americans due to Increased Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Transfusion Reactions
- Acute Hemolytic
- Febrile, Non-Hemolytic
- Mild Allergic
- Anaphylactic
- Circulatory Overload
- Sepsis Reaction
- Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
- Massive Blood Transfusion
2 mins
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