Samantha Shared "Advanced Pathophysiology Module 6" - 305 Picmonics
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Advanced Pathophysiology Module 6
Magnesium Sulfate
- Mechanism
- Muscle Relaxant
- Indications
- Preterm Labor Contractions
- Preeclampsia
- Side Effects
- Warm Feeling
- Hypotension
- Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRS)
- Decreased Respiratory Rate
- Decreased Urine Output
- Paralytic Ileus
- Antidote
- Calcium Gluconate
2 mins
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase Uterine Contractions
- Indications
- Labor Induction
- Control Postpartum Hemorrhage
- Side Effects
- Uterine Rupture
- Water Intoxication
- Contraindications
- Fetal Lung Immaturity
- Cervix Not Ripened
- Active Genital Herpes Infection
- Considerations
- Use Lowest Dose
- IV Pump
3 mins
Erectile Dysfunction
- Cause/Mechanism
- Age-Related Changes
- Psychological
- Medical Conditions
- Drug-Induced
- Assessment
- Sexual Dysfunction (Unable to Maintain Erection)
- Interventions
- Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors
- Vacuum Constriction Devices
- Intraurethral Devices
- Penile Implants
- Considerations
- Sexual Counseling
2 mins
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Disease
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- DHT-induced Growth Factors
- Common in Men > 50 Years Old
- Smooth, Symmetric, Firm Enlargement
- Affects Lateral and Middle (Periurethral) Gland
- Urethra Compression
- Symptoms and Complications
- Increased Urinary Frequency
- Nocturia
- Dysuria
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Hydronephrosis
1 min
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Digital Rectal Exam
- Urinalysis to Detect Infection or Blood
- Treatment
- Alpha-1 Antagonists
- Tamsulosin
- 5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors
- Finasteride
- TURP (Transurethral Resection of Prostate)
1 min
Prostate Cancer Assessment
- Most Common Cancer in Men
- Assessment
- Mimics BPH
- Metastasis to Back
- Low Back Pain
- Fatigue
- Considerations
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
- Biopsy
2 mins
Hydrocele
- Mechanism
- Impaired Lymphatic Drainage
- Signs and Symptoms
- Large Scrotum
- Painless
- Considerations
- Needle Aspiration or Surgery
- Scrotal Support
- Monitor for Bleeding and Infection
1 min
Prostatitis
- Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
- Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
- Types
- Sexually Transmitted Organisms
- E. Coli Infection
- Assessment
- Flu-Like Symptoms
- Perineal Pain
- Dysuria
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Recurrent UTIs
- Urinalysis
- Tender Boggy Prostate
- Management
- Antibiotics
- Considerations
- Chronic Prostatitis
3 mins
Infertility
- No Conception After 1 Year
- Interventions
- Artificial Insemination
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- Drug Therapy
- Clomiphene Citrate (Clomid)
- Menotropins
- GnRH Agonists
- Considerations
- Treat Underlying Disorders
- Emotional Support
- Multiple Gestations
3 mins
Varicocele
- Pathophysiology
- Dilation of Pampiniform Plexus Veins
- Signs and Symptoms
- Soft Left-Sided Scrotal Mass
- Bag of Worms
- Increased Size with Standing or Valsalva
- Decreased Size while Supine
- Testicular Atrophy
- Subfertility
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Retrograde Venous Flow
- Treatment
- Surgical Gonadal Vein Ligation
- Scrotal Support
3 mins
Testicular Torsion
- Characteristics
- Sudden Twisting of Spermatic Cord
- Affects Neonates and Adolescents
- Bell Clapper Deformity
- Clinical Features
- Severe Acute Testicular Pain
- Abnormal Testicular Position
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Diagnosis
- Doppler Ultrasound of the Scrotum
- Treatment
- Emergent Surgical Intervention
- Manual Detorsion
- Considerations
- Testicular Infarction
- Infertility in Males
4 mins
Prostate Adenocarcinoma Characteristics and Presentation
- Characteristics
- Most Common Cancer in Men
- Screening Test if Suspicious
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- Peripheral Zone
- Risk Factors
- African American
- Advanced Age
- Presentation
- Usually Asymptomatic
- Terminal Hematuria
- Urinary Retention or Incontinence
- Lower Back Pain
2 mins
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
- Mammography
- Ultrasound
- MRI for High Risk Patients
- Confirmed with Biopsy
- Considerations
- Lymph Node Involvement
- Receptor Positivity
- Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
- HER-2
2 mins
Phyllodes Tumor
- Presentation
- Common in 40's
- Large Palpable Mass
- Mechanism
- Benign
- Rarely Malignant
- Low-Grade Tumor
- Leaf-Like
- Stromal Tumor
- Treatment
- Wide Resection
2 mins
Intraductal Papilloma
- Presentation
- Bloody nipple discharge
- Women 20-40 years old
- Mechanism
- Small tumor in lactiferous ducts
- Occurs Centrally
- Occurs Peripherally
- Increased malignancy
- Diagnosis
- Too Small to Palpate
- Galactogram biopsy
1 min
Fibroadenoma
- Most Common Benign Breast Tumor
- Stromal Tumor
- Presentation
- Women under 40
- Small, firm mass
- Sharp Edges
- Increased tenderness and size with Estrogen
- Management
- Biopsy
1 min
Paget Disease Of The Breast
- Clinical Manifestations
- Spreading Ulceration At Nipple/Areola
- Eczematous Or Vesicular Rash
- Pruritus
- Breast Mass
- Bloody Or Yellow Discharge
- Pathophysiology
- Associated With Underlying Ductal Adenocarcinoma
- Caused By Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells Migrating To Surface
- Workup
- Biopsy
- Bilateral Mammogram
4 mins
Contraception
- Indications
- Preventing Unplanned Pregnancy
- Barrier Methods
- Spermicides
- Diaphragm
- Cervical Cap
- Contraceptive Sponge
- Male Condom
- Hormonal Method
- Oral Contraceptive
- Intrauterine Device (IUD)
- Injectable Progestins
2 mins
Endometriosis Characteristics
- Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
- Glands and Stroma
- Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
- "Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
- Adenomyosis
- Theories
- Retrograde Flow
- Metaplastic Transformation
- Mullerianosis
2 mins
Endometriosis Symptoms and Treatment
- Symptoms
- Dysmenorrhea
- Cyclic Pelvic Pain
- Dyschezia
- Dysuria
- Dyspareunia
- 30-40% are Infertile
- Treatment
- Surgery
- NSAIDs
- OCPs
- Progesterone (Progestins)
- GnRH Agonists
1 min
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