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PHARM Exam 4
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Antihistamine
works by competing with histamine receptors
treats allergies and old symptoms
has SE of insomnia
se of cns
Se of agitation
se of abdominal pain
se of hypotension
SE of photosensitivity
se of dry mouth/ throat
liver test (ALT/ AST)
don't drive, no heavy lifting, no alcohol
used if experiencing acute swelling
1 min
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)
class
antitussive
MOA
Suppresses cough through its action on the CNS. Although not an opioid, it is derived from opioids.
use
cough suppression and reduce pain when mixed with an opioid
side effect
potential for abuse due to euphoria
dizziness
nausea
sedation
55 secs
Albuterol (Proventil)
Mechanism
Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonist
Indications
Bronchospasm
Asthma
Side Effects
Angina
Tachycardia
Tremor
1 min
tiotropium (Spiriva)
Anticholinergic
blocks cholinergic receptors, causing a sympathetic response
maintenance of asthma
cardiac dysrhythmias
se of dry mouth
se of sinusitis
nasopharyngitis
Urinary Retention
hyperglycemia
UTI
Joint Pain
Blurred Vision
increase fluids, learn how to take pulse, wash the container every month, and to discard any unused capsules within 15 minutes
kidney (BUN, creatinine)
1 min
Montelukast (Singulair)
Mechanism
Leukotriene Receptor Blocker
Indications
Allergic Rhinitis
Asthma Prophylaxis
Exercise Induced Bronchospasm
Side Effects
Fatigue
Headache
Mood Changes
Suicidal Thoughts
Considerations
Increased Risk of Churg Strauss
2 mins
promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan)
action
blocking histamine 1 receptors at the CTZ
Use
N/V
Side effects
Erectile Dysfunction
Drowsiness
Hypertension
Anticholinergic
injection site reaction
Adverse effects
extrapyramidal syndrome
Seizure
contraindications
Bone Marrow Transplant
intestinal obstruction
glaucoma
seizure threshold
combining with phenytoin & tramadol?
Cause & don't
false pregnancy test/ cant drive
order
order CBC
Classification
antiemetic
2 mins
diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)
classification
antidiarrheal
action
inhibits gastric motility at the smooth muscle of the GI tract
use
diarrhea (E.coli)
Side effects
euphoria
N/V
Confusion
Urinary Retention
Dry Mouth
adverse effects
Angioedema
Paralytic Ileus
toxic megacolon
contraindications
liver disease, glaucoma
if diarrhea is still present 48 hrs after administration
decrease dependence
2 mins
bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
Classification
stimulant laxative
action
increases peristalsis by irritating the sensory nerve endings in the intestinal mucosa
Use
to prep patients for diagnostics or surgery
side effects
weakness
red/brown urine
Electrolyte Imbalance
nurse implementation
bedpan depending on the route given (PO = 6-8 hours, PR = 15-60 minutes)
frequently used
This is the most frequent drug used
1 min
psyllium (Metamucil)
classification
bulk forming laxative
Causes this to occur
increases water absorption at the intestines, creatine large and soft stools
side effects
Cramps
N/V
flatus
intestinal obstruction (if low on fluid)
Intervention
mixed with water/ juice followed by full glass of water
increase fiber
wait 1-3 days
renal function
55 secs
aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel)
classification
antacid
action
neutralize HCl
use
treat GERD and ulcers
side effects
constipation
impaired cognition
contradiction
renal/ hepatic disease
nurse implementation
a couple of weeks
oral meds
drink 2oz of water after
1 min
Cimetidine and Famotidine (H2 Receptor Blockers)
-tidine Suffix
Mechanism
H2 Receptor Blocker
Indications
Suppress Gastric Acid Secretion
Side Effects (All)
Pneumonia
Side Effects - Cimetidine
Anti-androgen Effects
CNS Changes
2 mins
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
"-prazole" Suffix
Indications
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
Gastritis
Peptic Ulcer
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Mechanism
Inhibit H+/K+/ATPase
Side Effects
Hip fracture
Pneumonia
2 mins
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Mechanism
Creates Protective Barrier
Indications
GI Ulcers
Side Effects
Constipation
Considerations
Require Acidic Environment
Give on Empty Stomach
Oral Suspension Available
May Decrease Absorption of Other Meds
2 mins
solifenacin succinate (VESIcare)
Classification
urinary antispasmodic/antimuscarinic
action
works on the smooth muscles of the GI tract to control an overactive bladder
side effect/ adverse effect
CNS
GI
Anticholinergic
dysphonia
Increased liver enzymes
narrow-angle glaucoma
57 secs
Clomiphere Citrate (Clomid)
classification
ovulation stimulant
Action
binds to estrogen receptors to increase estrogen during infertility
side/ adverse effect
breast discomfort, CNS, increased appetite, abdominal bloating, heavy menses, photophobia, diplopia, and decrease visual acuity
nursing implications
increase fertilization, the increase chance of multiple births, counseling, and regular eye exams
45 secs
conjugated estrogen
classification
estrogen replacement
use
vasomotor
S/S menopause
vaginal dryness
Osteoporosis
Contraindication
breast cancer in 5 years
embolism
gallblader/pancreas disease
female genital test
49 secs
testosterone
Classification
androgen
use
hypogonadism
testicular failure
delayed puberty
side effects
priapism
Hirsutism
increased cholesterol
vocal changes
Contraindications
Hypertension
CAD (coronary artery disease)
Seizure
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
infants
old man
Hypercalcemia
MI
Prostate Cancer
1 min
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Mechanism
Synthetic T4
Indications
Hypothyroidism
Side Effects
Thyrotoxicosis
Tremors
Heat Intolerance
Insomnia
Tachycardia
Considerations
Do Not Use for Obesity
TSH Monitoring
2 mins
Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)
Classification
Vitamin D analogue
action
promotes Ca absorption and Ca deposition from bone to the bloodstream
use
hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia in chronic diseases
hypersensitivity, hypercalcemia, hypervitaminosis D, and osteoporosis
nursing implications
check Ca in OTC drugs, assessing for tetany before admin, report signs of hypo/hypercalcemia, take with food, and increase fluids
1 min
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
Mechanism
Glucocorticoid
Indications
Inflammatory Conditions
Organ Transplant Rejection
Side Effects
Cataracts and Glaucoma
Cushing's Syndrome
Osteoporosis
Immunosuppression
Hyperglycemia
Ulcers
Considerations
Adrenal Insufficiency
Taper Gradually
2 mins
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