Britneykasante7053 Shared "PHARM Exam 4" - 22 Picmonics
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PHARM Exam 4
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- Antihistamine
- works by competing with histamine receptors
- treats allergies and old symptoms
- has SE of insomnia
- se of cns
- Se of agitation
- se of abdominal pain
- se of hypotension
- SE of photosensitivity
- se of dry mouth/ throat
- liver test (ALT/ AST)
- don't drive, no heavy lifting, no alcohol
- used if experiencing acute swelling
1 min
Dextromethorphan (Robitussin)
- class
- antitussive
- MOA
- Suppresses cough through its action on the CNS. Although not an opioid, it is derived from opioids.
- use
- cough suppression and reduce pain when mixed with an opioid
- side effect
- potential for abuse due to euphoria
- dizziness
- nausea
- sedation
55 secs
Albuterol (Proventil)
- Mechanism
- Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonist
- Indications
- Bronchospasm
- Asthma
- Side Effects
- Angina
- Tachycardia
- Tremor
1 min
tiotropium (Spiriva)
- Anticholinergic
- blocks cholinergic receptors, causing a sympathetic response
- maintenance of asthma
- cardiac dysrhythmias
- se of dry mouth
- se of sinusitis
- nasopharyngitis
- Urinary Retention
- hyperglycemia
- UTI
- Joint Pain
- Blurred Vision
- increase fluids, learn how to take pulse, wash the container every month, and to discard any unused capsules within 15 minutes
- kidney (BUN, creatinine)
1 min
Montelukast (Singulair)
- Mechanism
- Leukotriene Receptor Blocker
- Indications
- Allergic Rhinitis
- Asthma Prophylaxis
- Exercise Induced Bronchospasm
- Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Mood Changes
- Suicidal Thoughts
- Considerations
- Increased Risk of Churg Strauss
2 mins
promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan)
- action
- blocking histamine 1 receptors at the CTZ
- Use
- N/V
- Side effects
- Erectile Dysfunction
- Drowsiness
- Hypertension
- Anticholinergic
- injection site reaction
- Adverse effects
- extrapyramidal syndrome
- Seizure
- contraindications
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- intestinal obstruction
- glaucoma
- seizure threshold
- combining with phenytoin & tramadol?
- Cause & don't
- false pregnancy test/ cant drive
- order
- order CBC
- Classification
- antiemetic
2 mins
diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)
- classification
- antidiarrheal
- action
- inhibits gastric motility at the smooth muscle of the GI tract
- use
- diarrhea (E.coli)
- Side effects
- euphoria
- N/V
- Confusion
- Urinary Retention
- Dry Mouth
- adverse effects
- Angioedema
- Paralytic Ileus
- toxic megacolon
- contraindications
- liver disease, glaucoma
- if diarrhea is still present 48 hrs after administration
- decrease dependence
2 mins
bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
- Classification
- stimulant laxative
- action
- increases peristalsis by irritating the sensory nerve endings in the intestinal mucosa
- Use
- to prep patients for diagnostics or surgery
- side effects
- weakness
- red/brown urine
- Electrolyte Imbalance
- nurse implementation
- bedpan depending on the route given (PO = 6-8 hours, PR = 15-60 minutes)
- frequently used
- This is the most frequent drug used
1 min
psyllium (Metamucil)
- classification
- bulk forming laxative
- Causes this to occur
- increases water absorption at the intestines, creatine large and soft stools
- side effects
- Cramps
- N/V
- flatus
- intestinal obstruction (if low on fluid)
- Intervention
- mixed with water/ juice followed by full glass of water
- increase fiber
- wait 1-3 days
- renal function
55 secs
aluminum hydroxide (Amphogel)
- classification
- antacid
- action
- neutralize HCl
- use
- treat GERD and ulcers
- side effects
- constipation
- impaired cognition
- contradiction
- renal/ hepatic disease
- nurse implementation
- a couple of weeks
- oral meds
- drink 2oz of water after
1 min
Cimetidine and Famotidine (H2 Receptor Blockers)
- -tidine Suffix
- Mechanism
- H2 Receptor Blocker
- Indications
- Suppress Gastric Acid Secretion
- Side Effects (All)
- Pneumonia
- Side Effects - Cimetidine
- Anti-androgen Effects
- CNS Changes
2 mins
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- "-prazole" Suffix
- Indications
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
- Gastritis
- Peptic Ulcer
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Mechanism
- Inhibit H+/K+/ATPase
- Side Effects
- Hip fracture
- Pneumonia
2 mins
Sucralfate (Carafate)
- Mechanism
- Creates Protective Barrier
- Indications
- GI Ulcers
- Side Effects
- Constipation
- Considerations
- Require Acidic Environment
- Give on Empty Stomach
- Oral Suspension Available
- May Decrease Absorption of Other Meds
2 mins
solifenacin succinate (VESIcare)
- Classification
- urinary antispasmodic/antimuscarinic
- action
- works on the smooth muscles of the GI tract to control an overactive bladder
- side effect/ adverse effect
- CNS
- GI
- Anticholinergic
- dysphonia
- Increased liver enzymes
- narrow-angle glaucoma
57 secs
Clomiphere Citrate (Clomid)
- classification
- ovulation stimulant
- Action
- binds to estrogen receptors to increase estrogen during infertility
- side/ adverse effect
- breast discomfort, CNS, increased appetite, abdominal bloating, heavy menses, photophobia, diplopia, and decrease visual acuity
- nursing implications
- increase fertilization, the increase chance of multiple births, counseling, and regular eye exams
45 secs
conjugated estrogen
- classification
- estrogen replacement
- use
- vasomotor
- S/S menopause
- vaginal dryness
- Osteoporosis
- Contraindication
- breast cancer in 5 years
- embolism
- gallblader/pancreas disease
- female genital test
49 secs
testosterone
- Classification
- androgen
- use
- hypogonadism
- testicular failure
- delayed puberty
- side effects
- priapism
- Hirsutism
- increased cholesterol
- vocal changes
- Contraindications
- Hypertension
- CAD (coronary artery disease)
- Seizure
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- infants
- old man
- Hypercalcemia
- MI
- Prostate Cancer
1 min
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
- Mechanism
- Synthetic T4
- Indications
- Hypothyroidism
- Side Effects
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Tremors
- Heat Intolerance
- Insomnia
- Tachycardia
- Considerations
- Do Not Use for Obesity
- TSH Monitoring
2 mins
Calcitriol (Rocaltrol)
- Classification
- Vitamin D analogue
- action
- promotes Ca absorption and Ca deposition from bone to the bloodstream
- use
- hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia in chronic diseases
- side effects
- fatigue, weakness, somnolence, GI, CNS, vertigo, metallic taste, lethargy
- adverse effects
- photophobia, anorexia, dehydration, and HTN
- Contraindications
- hypersensitivity, hypercalcemia, hypervitaminosis D, and osteoporosis
- nursing implications
- check Ca in OTC drugs, assessing for tetany before admin, report signs of hypo/hypercalcemia, take with food, and increase fluids
1 min
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
- Mechanism
- Glucocorticoid
- Indications
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Organ Transplant Rejection
- Side Effects
- Cataracts and Glaucoma
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Osteoporosis
- Immunosuppression
- Hyperglycemia
- Ulcers
- Considerations
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Taper Gradually
2 mins
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