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Carlos Shared "08 Neurology Anato+Physio" - 87 Picmonics

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08 Neurology Anato+Physio

Spina Bifida Assessment
Cause
Congenital Malformation of Vertebrae
Assessment
Dimple With or Without Hair Tuft
Lumbar Sac
Hydrocephalus
Paralysis
Considerations
Identify Type
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2 mins
Spina Bifida Interventions
Surgery
Prone Position
Cover Sac with Moist (Sterile) Dressing
Measure Head Circumference
Bulging Fontanel
Considerations
Other Congenital Malformations Common
Bowel Control
Neurogenic Bladder
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2 mins
Patau Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Trisomy 13
Signs and Symptoms
Severe Intellectual Disability
Microcephaly
Holoprosencephaly
Microphthalmia
Polydactyly
Cleft Lip/Cleft Palate
Rocker Bottom Feet
Omphalocele
Cystic Kidneys
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
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2 mins
Arnold-Chiari (Chiari II) Malformation
Herniation of cerebellar vermis through foramen magnum
Aqueductal stenosis
Lumbosacral Myelomeningocele
Hydrocephalus
Paralysis
Increased susceptibility in Ehlers-Danlos and Marfan
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Schwannoma
Characteristics
Acoustic Schwannoma
Cranial Nerve VIII
Cerebellopontine Angle
S100 Positive
Bilateral Schwannoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 2
Tinnitus
Cranial Nerve V
Affects Corneal Reflex
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2 mins
Oligodendroglioma
Slow growing tumor
Frontal lobe
Chicken Wire Pattern
Fried egg appearance
Calcifications
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32 secs
Thalamus
VPL (Ventral Posterolateral)
VPM
LGN
MGN
VL
The thalamus is supplied by branches of the posterior cerebral artery
Damage to VP can cause complete contralateral sensory loss
VPL receieves input form Spinothalamic tract and Dorsal columns, while VPM recieves input from Trigeminal pathway
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Parkinson's Disease Assessment
Assessment
Decreased Dopamine
Older Adult
Cogwheel Rigidity
Bradykinesia
Shuffling Gait
Resting Tremor
Pill-Rolling
Mask-Like Face
Cognitive Decline
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2 mins
Huntington's Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Trinucleotide Repeat
CAG Repeats
Chromosome 4
Anticipation
Caudate
Decrease of ACh
Decrease of GABA
Signs and Symptoms
Chorea
Dementia
Depression
Glutamate Toxicity
Neuronal Death via NMDA Binding
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3 mins
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Thiamine deficiency
Confusion
Ophthalmoplegia
Ataxia
Korsakoff
Confabulation
Personality Changes
Memory loss
Alcoholics
Damage to medial dorsal nucleus
Damage to mammillary bodies
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2 mins
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
Bilateral Amygdala Lesion
Associated with HSV-1
Hyperorality
Hypersexuality
Disinhibited Behavior
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1 min
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Characteristics
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons
Spinal Cord
Dorsal Root Ganglia
Grey Matter
White Matter
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2 mins
Autonomic Nervous System
Characteristics
Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or Flight
All Preganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Norepinephrine
Antagonistic Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Rest and Digest
Parasympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
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2 mins
Nondominant (Right) parietal cortex lesion
Hemineglect if lesion in nondominant (right) hemisphere
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Dominant (Left) parietal cortex lesion (Gerstmann Syndrome)
Agraphia
Acalculia
Finger Agnosia
left-right disorientation
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Frontal Lobe Brain Lesion
Disinhibited Behavior
Deficit in Concentration
Deficit in Orientation
Deficit in Judgment
Reemergence of primitive reflexes
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Circle of Willis
Characteristics
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Supplies Motor/Sensory Parts of the Cortex for Lower Extremities
Anterior Communicating Artery (Acomm) Connects ACA to ACA
Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA)
Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA) Supply Cortex for Upper Limbs and Face
Posterior Communicating Artery (Pcomm) Connects ICA to PCA
Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA) Supply Occipital Cortex
Basilar Artery Supplies Medulla, Pons, and PCA
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3 mins
Middle Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis upper limb and face
Contralateral loss of sensation of upper limb and face
Affects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
Aphasia if Lesion in Dominant (Left) Hemisphere
Hemineglect if lesion in nondominant (right) hemisphere
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1 min
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
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1 min
Epidural Hematoma
Mechanism
Middle Meningeal Artery Rupture
Temporal Bone Fracture
Hematoma Between Skull And Dura Mater
Transtentorial Herniation
Lucid Interval
Imaging
Lens-shaped on CT
Does Not Cross Suture Lines
Treatment
Craniotomy
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1 min

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