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Miranda Shared "exam 4" - 28 Picmonics

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exam 4

Azathioprine (Imuran)
Mechanism
Antimetabolite
Prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
Inhibits Synthesis of Nucleic Acids
Indications
Autoimmune Disorders
Kidney Transplantation
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
Increased Toxicity with Allopurinol Use
Pancreatitis
Malignancy
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3 mins
Hydroxychloroquine
Mechanism of Action
Immunosuppressant
Indications
Malaria
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Side Effects
Cardiotoxicity
Retinopathy
Considerations
Ophthalmological Exams
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3 mins
Cyclophosphamide
Mechanism
Requires Bioactivation by Liver
Cross-links DNA
Guanine N7 Position
Indications
Autoimmune Disorders
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Solid Tumors
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Prevent with Mesna
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3 mins
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Overview
Mechanism
Immunosuppressant
Inhibits Calcineurin, Decreasing IL-2
Indications
Prevent Transplant Rejection
Psoriasis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Considerations
Monitor Plasma Levels
Avoid Grapefruit Juice
Increased Risk of Lymphoma
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2 mins
Leflunomide
Use And Mechanism
Immunosuppressant Used In Rheumatoid Arthritis
DMARD
Inhibits Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
Blocks Pyrimidine Synthesis And T-Cell Proliferation
Adverse Effects
Hepatotoxicity
Bone Marrow Suppression
GI Upset
Alopecia
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4 mins
Baclofen
Mechanism
GABA-B Receptor Agonist
Spinal Cord
Indications
Spasticity
Dystonia
Multiple Sclerosis
Side Effects
CNS Depression
Nausea
Considerations
Taper Gradually
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1 min
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Mechanism
Centrally-Acting Muscle Relaxer
Act on Alpha and Gamma Motor Neurons
Related to Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Uses
Muscle Spasms
Back Pain
Side Effects/Interactions
MAO Inhibitors
Serotonin Syndrome
Drowsiness
Arrhythmia
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3 mins
Fusion Inhibitors
Indications
HIV
Drugs
Maraviroc
Binds CCR-5 on T Cells
Blocks Interaction with gp120
Enfuvirtide
Binds gp41
Inhibits Viral Entry
Side Effects
Skin Reactions at Injection Sites (Enfuvirtide)
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2 mins
NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
Indications
HIV
Pregnancy and Prophylaxis given ZDV
Mechanism
Inhibit Nucleotide Binding to Reverse Transcriptase
Chain Termination
Require Phosphorylation
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1 min
HAART
HIV
Begin at Diagnosis
3 Drugs
2 NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
And one of the following:
NNRTI (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor)
or Protease Inhibitor
or Integrase Inhibitor
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1 min
NNRTI Drug Names
Nevirapine (Viramune)
Rilpivirine (Edurant)
Delavirdine (DLV, Rescriptor)
Efavirenz (EFV, Sustiva)
Etravirine (ETR, Intelence)
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54 secs
Integrase Inhibitors
-gravir Suffix
Indications
HIV
Mechanism
Blocks Insertion of Viral Genome
Inhibit Actions of Integrase
Side Effects
Hypercholesterolemia
Increased LFT's
Insomnia
Increased Creatine Kinase (CK)
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1 min
Protease Inhibitors
End in "-navir"
Indications
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis C
Mechanism
Inhibit Protease
Unable to Cleave Proteins
Inhibits Maturation of New Virus
Side Effects
GI Distress
Nephropathy
Lipodystrophy
Hyperglycemia
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3 mins
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Mechanism
Guanosine Analog
Inhibits Viral Replication
Thymidine Kinase Activation
Indications
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Side Effects (Oral)
Headache
GI Distress
Side Effects (IV)
CNS Toxicity
Nephrotoxicity (Crystalline Nephropathy)
Considerations
Prevents Recurrent Episodes
Slow IV Infusion
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2 mins
Cidofovir
Indications
CMV Retinitis
Acyclovir-Resistant HSV
Mechanism
Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity
Administer with Probenecid and IV Saline
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1 min
Foscarnet
Indications
CMV Retinitis
Acyclovir-resistant HSV
Mechanism
Does Not Require Activation (by Viral Kinase)
Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
Pyrophosphate Analog
Resistance through Mutated DNA Polymerase
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity
Electrolyte Abnormalities
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
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2 mins
Ganciclovir
Indications
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Immunocompromised
Mechanism
Guanosine Analog
Disrupts DNA Synthesis
Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
Side Effects
Hematologic Effects
Nephrotoxicity
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1 min
Zanamivir (Relenza) and Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
Indications
Influenza A and B
Treatment and Prophylaxis
Mechanism
Inhibits Release of New Virus
Inhibits Influenza Neuraminidase
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1 min
Ribavirin
Mechanism
Hypermutation in RNA Viruses
Inhibits Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase
Indications
Hepatitis C
Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Side Effects
Hemolytic Anemia
Teratogen
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1 min
Aspirin
Indications
Fever
Pain and Headache
Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
Mechanism of Action
Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Suppress Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins
NSAID
Side Effects
Reye's Syndrome
Tinnitus
Peptic Ulceration
Mixed Acidosis/Alkalosis
Nephropathy
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2 mins

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