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Ashley Shared "Unit 2 - Antivirals, Antifungals, Antineoplastics" - 24 Picmonics

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Unit 2 - Antivirals, Antifungals, Antineoplastics

Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Mechanism
Guanosine Analog
Inhibits Viral Replication
Thymidine Kinase Activation
Indications
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Side Effects (Oral)
Headache
GI Distress
Side Effects (IV)
CNS Toxicity
Nephrotoxicity (Crystalline Nephropathy)
Considerations
Prevents Recurrent Episodes
Slow IV Infusion
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2 mins
NNRTI Drug Names
Nevirapine (Viramune)
Rilpivirine (Edurant)
Delavirdine (DLV, Rescriptor)
Efavirenz (EFV, Sustiva)
Etravirine (ETR, Intelence)
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54 secs
NRTIs for HIV (Drug Names)
Nucleoside Analog
DEALSZ
Didanosine (DDI)
Emtricitabine (FTC)
Abacavir (ABC)
Lamivudine (3TC)
Stavudine (d4T)
Zidovudine (ZDV)
Nucleotide Analog
Tenofovir (TDF)
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2 mins
Cell-mediated Adaptive Immune Response
Characteristics
Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Present Antigens
T Cell Develops Antigen Specificity
Regulatory T Cells Suppress Response
Memory T Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
Cytotoxic T Cells Lyse Infected Cells
Infected Cells Present Antigen On Surface
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2 mins
Humoral Adaptive Immunity
Characteristics
B Cell Binds Free Floating Antigen
B Cell Presents Antigen to Helper T Cell
Helper T Cells Help B Cells Develop Antigen Specificity
Plasma B Cells Secrete Antibodies
Memory B Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
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2 mins
Azoles (Ketoconazole)
"-azole" suffix
Indications
Local and Less Serious Systemic Mycosis
Mechanism
Inhibits Ergosterol Synthesis
Inhibits P450
Side Effects
Liver Dysfunction
Inhibition of Testosterone Synthesis
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1 min
Amphotericin B
Indications
Systemic Mycosis
Fungal Meningitis
Last Resort for Protozoan infections
Mechanism
Polyene
Binds Ergosterol
Forms Membrane Pores
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1 min
Amphotericin B Side Effects & Toxicity
Side Effects
Fever/Chills "Shake and Bake"
Nephrotoxicity
Milder with Liposomes
Hypotension
Anemia
IV Phlebitis
Arrhythmias
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1 min
Nystatin
Indications
Candidiasis
Vaginal
Oral
Cutaneous
Mechanism
Polyene
Binds Ergosterol
Forms Membrane Pores
Topical form of Amphotericin B
Side Effects
Rash
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1 min
Methotrexate
Indications
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Cancer
Medical Abortion
Mechanism
Folic Acid Analog
Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase
Side Effects
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Myelosuppression is Treated with Leucovorin Rescue (Folinic Acid)
Macrocytic Anemia
Hepatitis
Teratogenic
Mucositis
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2 mins
Vincristine (Oncovin)
Mechanism
Vinca Alkaloid
Inhibits Microtubules
Indications
Leukemias
Lymphomas
Side Effects
Peripheral Neuropathy
Paralytic Ileus
Considerations
Vesicant
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2 mins
Cisplatin (Platinol)
Mechanism
Alkylating Agent
Cross-Links DNA
Indications
Testicular Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Side Effects
Nausea and Vomiting
Myelosuppression
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Peripheral Neuropathy
Considerations
Antiemetics Before Administration
Aggressive Hydration
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3 mins
Tamoxifen
Mechanism of Action
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Antagonist on Breast Tissue
Indications
ER-positive Breast Cancer
Side Effects
Decreased Risk of Osteoporosis
Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
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1 min
Rituximab
Indications
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Formerly Wegener's)
Mechanism
Monoclonal Antibody Against CD20
Found on B Cell Neoplasms
Side Effects
Infusion Reactions
Skin and Mouth Reactions
Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
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3 mins
Normal Electrolyte Lab Values
Potassium (K+)
3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
Calcium (Ca2+)
8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL
Phosphate (PO43–)
2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium (Mg2+)
1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
Sodium (Na+)
135 to 145 mEq/L
Chloride (Cl)
95 to 105 mEq/L
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2 mins
Potassium (K+) Lab Value
3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L
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20 secs
Sodium (Na+) Lab Value
135-145 mEq/L
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24 secs
Phosphate (PO43-) Lab Value
2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL
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29 secs
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) Lab Values
10-20 mg/dL
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40 secs
Creatinine Lab Values
Measures Renal Function
0.6 - 1.3 mg/dL
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1 min

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