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PPOM 1 Pharm Block 2
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
Mechanism
Glucocorticoid
Indications
Inflammatory Conditions
Organ Transplant Rejection
Side Effects
Cataracts and Glaucoma
Cushing's Syndrome
Osteoporosis
Immunosuppression
Hyperglycemia
Ulcers
Considerations
Adrenal Insufficiency
Taper Gradually
2 mins
Multiple Sclerosis Interventions
Drug Therapy
Corticosteroids
Interferon Beta
Dimethyl Fumarate (Tecfidera)
Fingolimod (Gilenya)
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
Natalizumab (Tysabri)
Considerations
Increase Exercise
Identify Triggers
2 mins
Parkinson's Disease Interventions
Medications
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Entacapone (Comtan)
Selegiline (Eldepryl)
Amantadine (Symmetrel)
Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Considerations
Allow Extra Time
Ensure Patient Safety
Surgery As Last Resort
2 mins
Local Anesthetic Overview
Indications
Minor Procedures
Epidurals
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Na+ Channels
State Dependent
Combined with Vasoconstrictors
Infected Tissue Requires Higher Dose
Drugs
Esters
Amides
Side Effects
Arrhythmias
Cardiotoxicity
1 min
IV Anesthetics
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Ketamine
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Hallucinations
Opioids
Propofol
Potentiates GABA-A
2 mins
Lidocaine
Mechanism
Blocks Na+ Channels
Indications
Ventricular Arrhythmia
Anesthetic
Side Effects
Paresthesias
Seizures
Respiratory Depression
Drowsiness
Consideration
Anesthetic Effects Extended with Epinephrine
1 min
Benzodiazepines Overview
Indications
First Line for Status Epilepticus
Anesthesia Induction
Anxiety
Eclampsia
Detoxification
Mechanism of Action
'-zepam' and '-zolam' Suffix
Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
Side Effects
Decrease REM Sleep
CNS Depression
Dependence
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
2 mins
Short-acting Benzodiazepines
Mnemonic
ATOM
Drug Names
Alprazolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Midazolam
Indications
Anesthesia Induction
Insomnia
Anxiety
Considerations
Half-life < 12 Hours
Dependence
2 mins
Long-acting Benzodiazepines
Drug Names
Lorazepam
Diazepam
Clonazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Indications
Insomnia
Anxiety
Seizures
Eclampsia
Alcohol Withdrawal
Considerations
Half-life > 24 Hours
Dependence
3 mins
Benzodiazepine Antidote
Antidote
Flumazenil
40 secs
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
Mechanism
Barbiturate
Indications
Seizures
Side Effects
Ataxia
Paradoxical Excitement
Fatigue/Drowsiness
Considerations
Monitor Plasma Levels
High Potential for Abuse
1 min
Barbiturates
Barb- Drug Names
Indications
Seizure Treatment
Anesthesia Induction
Mechanism of Action
Increased Duration of Cl- Channel Opening
Decrease Neuron Firing
Side Effects
Sedation
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression
CNS Depression
P450 inducer
2 mins
Valproic Acid
Indications
First Line Tonic-Clonic Seizure Treatment
Bipolar Disorder
Migraine Prophylaxis
Mechanism of Action
Increases GABA Concentration
Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
Side Effect
GI Distress
Contraindication
Contraindicated in Pregnancy
1 min
Valproic Acid (Valproate) Side Effects
V-A-L-P-R-O-A-T-E
Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver Toxicity
Pancreatitis/Pancytopenia
Retain Fat (Weight Gain)
Oedema (Edema)
Appetite Increase
Tremor
Enzyme Inhibitor (P450)
2 mins
Gabapentin
Primary Indication
Seizure Treatment
Secondary Indications
Peripheral Neuropathy
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Bipolar Disorder
Migraine Prophylaxis
Characteristics
Inhibits Voltage-Gated Ca2+ channels
Designed as a GABA Analog
Side Effects
Ataxia
Sedation
2 mins
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics
Indications
Insomnia
Mechanism of Action
Short Half-Life
Acts on BZ1 GABA receptor
Less dependence
Drugs
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Side Effects
Ataxia, confusion
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
1 min
Topiramate
Indications
Seizure Treatment
Migraine Prophylaxis
Mechanism of Action
Increase GABA Action
Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
Side Effects
Kidney Stones
Weight Loss
Sedation
1 min
Carbamazepine
Indications
First-line Seizure Medication
First Line for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Mechanism of Action
Stabilizes Inactive State of Na+ Channels
Side Effects
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Induce Cytochrome P450
Teratogen
Hepatotoxicity
Blood Dyscrasias
2 mins
Lamotrigine
Indications
Seizure Treatment
Bipolar Disorder
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
Side Effect
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
1 min
Ethosuximide
Indications
First Line Absence Seizure Treatment
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Thalamic T-Type Ca2+ Channels
Side Effects
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Fatigue
Diarrhea
32 secs
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