Wayne Shared "Pharmacology Bliss 6/1/2024" - 66 Picmonics
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Pharmacology Bliss 6/1/2024
Antipseudomonal Penicillins
Drugs
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin
Mechanism of Action
Same Mechanism as Penicillin
Indications
Extended Spectrum
Pseudomonas and Gram-Negative Rods
Considerations
Combine with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
Clavulanic Acid
Tazobactam
Hypersensitivity Reactions
2 mins
Penicillin
Gram Positive
Spirochetes
Bind PBPs
Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
Activate Autolytic Enzymes
Bactericidal
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hemolytic Anemia
Beta-lactamase Sensitive
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Mechanisms
Indications
Broader Spectrum
Drug Names
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Mechanism and Characteristics
Beta-Lactamase Sensitive
Combine with Clavulanic Acid
Side Effects
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Ampicillin Rash
Pseudomembranous Colitis
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Uses
Drug Names
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Indications
Shigella
Haemophilus Influenzae
Salmonella
Listeria
Enterococci
Proteus Mirabilis
E. Coli
1 min
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Mechanism
Aminopenicillin
Indications
Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Rash
Ampicillin Rash in EBV
Diarrhea
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Allergic Reaction
Considerations
No Effect Against Staph Aureus
Often Combined with Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor
2 mins
oxacillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin (Sk)
beta lactams
bactericidal against cell wall
penicillin binding protein (PBP) forms peptidoglycan cross-links
beta-lactamases are ineffective against anti-staph penicillins (reason described later)
bulky R-groups of anti-staphpenicillins (e.g. nafcillin, oxacillin) prevent beta-lactamase binding
Nafcillin: non-MRSA staph coverage
oxacillin: non MRSA staph coverage
Against non-MRSA staphylococci
good for abscesses (post E&D), and folliculitis
treat staphylococcal endocarditis caused by MSSA
treat osteomyelitis (who are we kidding, we are gonna use vancomycin bc it's never MSSA in the bone)
MRSA produces altered PBPs resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics(e.g. anti-staph penicillins)
not effective on MRSA
for cropping errors
Antipseudomonal Antibiotics (Antibiotics that cover Pseudomonas)
Ticarcillin + Clavulanate
Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Ceftazidime
Cefepime
Aztreonam
Ciprofloxacin
Carbapenems
Cephalosporins Overview
Mechanism of Action
Beta lactam drug
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bactericidal
Side Effects
Hypersensitivity reactions
Vitamin K Deficiency
Disulfiram like reaction with Alcohol
Increased Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
1 min
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefoxitin
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime
Indications (PEcK HENS Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacter
Neisseria
Serratia marcescens
2 mins
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefdinir
Ceftazidime
Pseudomonas
Indications
Serious Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistant to Other Beta-Lactams
1 min
1st Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Names
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
Indications (PEcK Mnemonic)
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Klebsiella
Gram-Positive Cocci
1 min
4th Generation Cephalosporin
Drug Name
Cefepime
Indications
Increased Activity Against Gram-Positive Infections and Pseudomonas
29 secs
5th Generation Cephalosporin
Mechanism
Beta-Lactam
Indications
Resistant Bacteria
Broad Spectrum Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative
Drugs
Ceftobiprole
Has Pseudomonas Coverage
Ceftaroline
No Pseudomonas Coverage
1 min
Imipenem and Meropenem (Carbapenems)
Mechanism
Carbapenems
Broad-spectrum Antibiotic
Bactericidal
Indications
Gram Positive and Gram Negative Infections
Side Effects
GI Distress
Suprainfections
Seizures
Considerations
Penicillin Allergy
IV or IM Route
Imipenem Combined with Cilastatin
3 mins
Imipenem
Mechanism
Resistant to Beta-Lactamases
Broad Spectrum
Indications
Anaerobes
Gram-Negative Rods
Gram-Positive Cocci
Must Administer with Cilastatin
Cilastatin is Inhibitor of Renal Dehydropeptidase I
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