Kristen Shared "Biochemistry (Vitamins)" - 33 Picmonics
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Biochemistry (Vitamins)
Vitamin A (Retinol) Function and Deficiency
Mechanism
Retinol
Constituent of Visual Pigments
Differentiation of Epithelial Cells into Specialized Tissue
Signs and Symptoms
Night Blindness
Dry Skin
Considerations
Used to Treat Measles
Antioxidant
2 mins
Vitamin A (Retinol) Toxicity
Signs and Symptoms
Alopecia
Vision Changes
Headache
Skin Changes
Hyperlipidemia
Hepatotoxicity
Arthralgias
Teratogen
Cleft palate
Cardiac Abnormalities
3 mins
Vitamin D Metabolism/Mechanism
Mechanism Of Action
Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
Plant Sources
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
Sunlight Conversion in Skin
7-Dehydrocholesterol
Liver Hydroxylation
25-(OH) D (25-hydroxyvitamin D)
Storage Form
Kidney Hydroxylation
1,25-(OH)2 D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)
Active Form Calcitriol
Absorbs Calcium and Phosphorus in Intestine
4 mins
Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
Mechanism
Vitamin D2
Indications
Hypoparathyroidism
Rickets
Hypophosphatemia
Side Effects
Fatigue
Constipation
Hypercalcemia
Kidney Stones
2 mins
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
Mechanism
Vitamin D3
Indications
Dietary Supplement
Vitamin D Deficiency
Side Effects
Fatigue
Constipation
Hypercalcemia
Kidney Stones
Considerations
More Effective Than Ergocalciferol
Hypervitaminosis D
2 mins
Vitamin D Deficiency
Signs & Symptoms
Rickets in children
Bending bones
Rachitic rosary
Breast milk has decreased vitamin D
Osteomalacia in adults
Tetany from Hypocalcemia
2 mins
Vitamin D Toxicity
Kidney Stones
Metastatic Calcification of the Kidney
Loss of Appetite
Abdominal Pain
Sarcoidosis
1 min
Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol)
Mechanism
Antioxidant
Indications
Fat Malabsorption Syndrome
Alpha-TTP Deficiency
Side Effects
Bleeding
Considerations
Increased Risk Hemorrhagic Stroke
Limit Doses < 200 IU per Day
Nuts and Whole Grains
Vegetable Oils
2 mins
Vitamin E Deficiency
Mechanism
Antioxidant
Protects Erythrocytes
Protects from Free Radical Damage
Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
Hemolytic Anemia
Posterior Column
Spinocerebellar Tract
2 mins
Vitamin K
Sources
Dark Green Leafy Vegetables
Synthesized by Intestinal Flora
Mechanism
Activated by Epoxide Reductase
Gamma Carboxylation of Glutamate
Activation of Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C and S
Considerations
Deficiency with Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
Neonatal Hemorrhage with Increased PT and aPTT
Warfarin is a Vitamin K Antagonist
4 mins
Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
Mechanism
Synthesizes Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X
Indications
Hypoprothrombinemia
Newborn Prophylaxis
Bleeding from Warfarin Overdose
Side Effects
Shock
Kernicterus
Cardiac Arrest
Considerations
Bile Salts required for Intestinal Absorption
Increased Risks with IV Administration
2 mins
Vitamin K Deficiency
Clinical Features
Bleeding
Neonatal Hemorrhage with Increased PT and aPTT
Etiologies
Liver Disease
Chronic Antibiotic Use
Vitamin K Antagonists
Malabsorption
Dietary Deficiencies
Diagnosis
Normal Bleeding Time
Increased PT and PTT
Considerations
Neonatal Vitamin K Injection
3 mins
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Mechanism
Branched-chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
Transketolase
DEFICIENCY EFFECTS
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Beriberi
ATP Depletion
Aerobic Tissues Like Brain and Heart Affected First
Considerations
Deficiency Can Worsen with Glucose Infusion
2 mins
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
Thiamine Deficiency
Dry Beriberi
Polyneuritis
Muscle Wasting
Wet Beriberi
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Edema
51 secs
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Thiamine deficiency
Confusion
Ophthalmoplegia
Ataxia
Korsakoff
Confabulation
Personality Changes
Memory loss
Alcoholics
Damage to medial dorsal nucleus
Damage to mammillary bodies
2 mins
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Classification
Vitamin B2
Biochemistry
FAD
FAD Makes 1.5 ATP
Succinate to Fumarate
DEFICIENCY
Glossitis
Cheilosis
Corneal Vascularization
2 mins
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Derived from Tryptophan
Synthesis Requires Vitamin B6
Constituent of NAD+
Deficiency Causes
Hartnup Disease
Carcinoid Syndrome
Deficiency Symptoms
Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Glossitis
Excess Symptoms
Flushing
2 mins
Niacin Therapy (Vitamin B3)
Mechanism
Inhibits Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue
Reduces Hepatic VLDL Secretion
Indications
Decrease Triglycerides
Decrease LDL
Increase HDL
Side Effects
Flushing
Decreased by Aspirin
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
2 mins
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenate)
Mechanism
Pantothenate
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
Coenzyme A
Fatty Acid Synthase
Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
Enteritis
Dermatitis
Alopecia
Adrenal Insufficiency
2 mins
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Pyridoxal Phosphate
Mechanism
Transamination
Decarboxylation
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Cystathionine Synthase
Functions
Heme Synthesis
Niacin Synthesis
Neurotransmitter Synthesis
2 mins
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