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MSKS
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment
Mechanism
Destruction of Connective Tissue and Synovial Membrane
Signs and Symptoms
Inflammation of Joints
Morning Stiffness
Nodules
Joint Deformities
1 min
Osteoarthritis
Mechanism
Articular Cartilage Destruction
Biomechanical Stress
Aging
Signs and Symptoms
Asymmetric
Pain Decreases with Rest
Morning Stiffness Under 30 Minutes
Crepitus
DIP and PIP Joints
Treatment
Lifestyle Changes
Acetaminophen or NSAIDs
2 mins
Pseudogout
Pathophysiology
> 50 Years Old
Arthritis of Large Joints (Classically the Knee)
Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystals
Diagnosis
Positively Birefringent
Chondrocalcinosis (On X-ray)
Treatment
NSAIDs
Colchicine
Steroids
1 min
Gout Disease
Acute Inflammatory Monoarthritis
Epidemiology
Primarily in Males
Pathophysiology
Precipitation of Monosodium Urate Crystals
Underexcretion of Uric Acid
Overproduction of Uric Acid
Negatively Birefringent, Needle-Shaped
Symptoms
Swollen, Red, Painful Joint
Asymmetric Joint Distribution
Podagra
Tophus
After Large Meal or Alcohol
2 mins
Gout Treatment
Acute (Acute-angle)
NSAIDs
Glucocorticoids
Colchicine
Impairs Leukocyte Chemotaxis
Chronic Gout (Crone Goat)
Inhibit Xanthine Oxidase
Allopurinol
Febuxostat
Inhibit Reabsorption of Uric Acid
Probenecid
1 min
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis
"Bamboo Spine"
HLA-B27
Uveitis
Aortic Regurgitation
1 min
HLA-B27 Associations
Associations
PAIR Acronym
Psoriatic Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Reactive Arthritis
1 min
Osteoarthritis Interventions
Lifestyle Modifications
Balance Rest and Activity
Therapeutic Exercise
Heat and Cold Applications
Drug Therapy
Intra-articular Injection
NSAIDs
Considerations
Reconstructive Joint Surgery
1 min
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Characteristics and Presentation
Characteristics
Idiopathic
Still's Disease
Autoimmune Joint Destruction
Onset < 16 Years Old
Presentation
Arthritis
Quotidian Fever
Evanescent Exanthem
Lymphadenopathy
Hepatosplenomegaly
2 mins
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Diagnosis and Management
Increased with Prolonged Sitting or Climbing Stairs
Diagnosis
Patellofemoral Compression Test
Apprehension Sign
Treatment
NSAIDs
Conservative Therapy
Bracing
3 mins
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
Pathophysiology
Separation of Femoral Epiphysis from Femoral Neck
Through Growth Plate (Physeal Plate)
Obesity
Male Adolescents
African American
Growth and Sex Hormone Imbalances
Signs & Symptoms
Thigh or Knee Pain
Inability to Bear Weight
Decreased Internal Rotation of Hip
Obligate External Rotation of Hip with Flexion
Diagnosis
Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
Treatment
Surgical Pinning
Complications
Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
3 mins
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
Pathophysiology
Idiopathic Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
Boys 5-7 Years of Age
Symptoms < 18 Months
Signs & Symptoms
Painless Limp
Limited Range of Motion
Intermittent Anterior Thigh Pain
Insidious Pain in Knee
Atrophy of Upper Thigh
Diagnosis
AP and Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
Compression and Deformity of Femoral Head
Treatment
Bed Rest
NSAIDs
Containment with Brace or Cast
Surgery
4 mins
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Cause
Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum
Newborn Assessment
Positive Barlow Sign
Clicking with Adduction
Positive Ortolani Sign
Clicking with Abduction
Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)
Older Child Assessment
Trendelenburg Sign
Interventions
Abduction Device
Pavlik Harness
Closed Reduction
3 mins
Restless Legs Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Idiopathic
Iron Deficiency
Parkinson's Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Urge to Move the Legs
Unpleasant Sensations in Legs
Worsens with Inactivity
Relieved by Movement
Treatment
Iron Supplementation
Self-care
Gabapentin
Pramipexole
2 mins
MCL Tear
Mechanism
Medial Knee Injury
Unhappy Triad
Football
Skiing
Sign
Valgus Stress Test
Treatment
Conservative Management
54 secs
ACL Tear
Mechanism
Non-contact
Popping
Sudden Stop
Change in Direction
Unhappy Triad
Sign
Lachman Test
Treatment
Reconstruction if Severe
1 min
Meniscus Tear
Fibrocartilage Semicircular Band
Traumatic
Unhappy Triad
Degenerative
Symptoms
Clicking and Locking
McMurray Test
Pain on External Rotation
Treatment
Conservative Management
Surgery
1 min
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