Alexis Shared "HO 2 (Transfusions, Oncology, Pharm)" - 58 Picmonics
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HO 2 (Transfusions, Oncology, Pharm)
Blood Transfusion Administration
- Proper Patient Identification
- Large Bore Needle
- Y Tubing
- Baseline Vital Signs
- Slow IV Infusion
- Monitor During First 15 Minutes or 50 mL of Blood
- Monitor for Reactions
- Considerations
- Do Not Add Anything To Same IV Line
- No Dextrose or Lactated Ringers
- Jehovah's Witnesses, No Transfusions
3 mins
Transfusion Reactions
- Acute Hemolytic
- Febrile, Non-Hemolytic
- Mild Allergic
- Anaphylactic
- Circulatory Overload
- Sepsis Reaction
- Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI)
- Massive Blood Transfusion
2 mins
Carcin/o
- Meaning
- Cancer
32 secs
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION)
- CAUTION
- Change in Bowel or Bladder Habits
- A Sore That Does Not Heal
- Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
- Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Elsewhere
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Obvious Change to Warts or Moles
- Nagging Cough
1 min
Testicular Carcinoma Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Seminoma Germ Cells
- Non-Seminoma Germ Cells
- Assessment
- Painless Scrotal Mass
- Testicular Swelling
- Acute Pain Rare
- Elevated Serum Tumor Markers
- Considerations
- Males Between 15-35 Years Old
- Cryptorchidism
- Testicular Self Exam
2 mins
Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma
- Non-germ Cell Tumor
- Mucinous
- Peritoneal Spread
- Serous
- Psammoma Bodies
- Bilateral
- Malignant
- Stromal Invasion
- CA 125
- BRCA-1 and Lynch Syndrome
1 min
Colorectal Cancer Assessment
- 3rd Most Common Cancer
- Assessment
- Change in Bowel Habits
- Bowel Obstruction
- Rectal Bleeding
- Anemia
- Weight Loss
- Ascites
- Considerations
- Colonoscopy
- FOBT and FIT
2 mins
Choriocarcinoma
- Germ-cell tumor
- Trophoblastic tissue
- Hematogenous spread to lungs
- Malignant
- Theca-lutein cysts
- Hydatidiform Mole
- hCG
59 secs
Lung Cancer Assessment
- 2nd Most Common Cancer
- Assessment
- Chronic Cough
- Hoarseness
- Abnormal Breath Sounds
- Hemoptysis
- Chest Pain
- Anorexia or Weight Loss
- Considerations
- Symptoms Appear Late in Disease
2 mins
Prostate Cancer Assessment
- Most Common Cancer in Men
- Assessment
- Mimics BPH
- Metastasis to Back
- Low Back Pain
- Fatigue
- Considerations
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
- Biopsy
2 mins
Lymphatics
- Characteristics
- Recycles 10% of Interstitial Fluid
- Transport Large Lipids from Lacteals
- Unidirectional Valves
- Lymph Nodes Filter Lymph
- WBCs Monitor Lymph for Pathogens
- Merge with Veins
2 mins
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
- Mammography
- Ultrasound
- MRI for High Risk Patients
- Confirmed with Biopsy
- Considerations
- Lymph Node Involvement
- Receptor Positivity
- Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
- HER-2
2 mins
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Ages < 15
- May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
- Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
- TdT Positive
- CALLA Positive
- t(12;21) Better Prognosis
- Spread to CNS and Testes
- Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- Myeloblasts Increase on Peripheral Smear
- Median Onset 60 Years
- T 15;17 M3 Subtype
- Auer Rods
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a Common Presentation
- M5 Gum Infiltration
- Responds to Vitamin A
3 mins
Auer Rods
- Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- All-trans Retinoic Acid (Vitamin A)
1 min
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Pathophysiology
- BCR-ABL
- 9;22 Translocation
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Signs & Symptoms
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Low Alkaline Phosphatase
- Splenomegaly
- Considerations
- Blast Crisis
- Age 30 to 90 Years
- Responds to Imatinib
3 mins
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Age > 60 Years
- B Cell Neoplasm
- Smudge Cells
- Often Asymptomatic
- Cold IgM Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Warm IgG Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Richter's Transformation
3 mins
Imatinib (Gleevec)
- Indications
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Inhibitor of BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase
- Caused by Philadelphia Chromosome
- GI Stromal Tumors
- Inhibitor of C-kit Tyrosine Kinase
- Toxicity
- Fluid Retention
1 min
Leukemia Assessment
- Cause
- Immature WBCs
- Assessment
- Recurrent Infections
- Easy Bruising
- Bleeding
- Anemia
- Fatigue
- Weight Loss
- Bone Pain
- Considerations
- May Have Normal or High WBC Count
2 mins
Hodgkin Lymphoma Pathophysiology
- Pathophysiology
- Reed-Sternberg Cells
- Binucleate
- Owl's Eyes Appearance
- CD 15 and CD 30
- B Cell Origin
- Bimodal Age Distribution
2 mins
