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Bessie Shared "N Microbiology Test 2" - 32 Picmonics

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N Microbiology Test 2

Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Phototroph Enabler
Omnivore
Carnivore
Herbivores
Decomposer
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2 mins
DNA Replication
Characteristics
DNA Gyrase Uncoils Supercoil
Helicase Separated DNA Strand
Single-Strand Binding (SSB) Protein Keeps Strands Separated
DNA Polymerase Synthesizes New Strand
3' To 5' Reading
Primase Creates RNA Primer
Telomerase Caps DNA Ends
DNA Ligase Combines Okazaki Fragments
Okazaki Fragments On Lagging Strand
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4 mins
DNA Replication
DNA Helicase
Leading Strand
DNA Topoisomerase
Parent strand 3-prime end
Telomere
Single-strand binding protein
Lagging Strand
RNA primase
Okazaki fragments
DNA ligase
DNA base unit
RNA Base Units
DNA polymerase
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2 mins
DNA Mismatch Repair
DNA Replication
Nucleotides G, C, A, T
Exonuclease Exo1
DNA Polymerase
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2 mins
DNA Telomeres
Telomeres
Lost Base Pairs
Long Time Ahead
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2 mins
Central Dogma Theory
Nucleus
Transcription
Messenger RNA
Translation
Ribosomes
tRNA
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3 mins
Transcription
Initiation
RNA
Termination of Transcription
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2 mins
Translation
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
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2 mins
RNA Processing
5-Prime End
3-Prime End
Poly-A Tail/Adenine
Introns
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
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1 min
Genes and Alleles
A gene is a fragment of DNA that codes for a trait (hair color)
An allele is a form of a gene that codes for a specific characteristic (brown hair)
Half of a child's genes and alleles come from each parent
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1 min
Homozygous vs. Heterozygous
Description of Genotypes
Homozygous has 2 of the same allele (AA or aa)
Homozygous dominant is AA
Homozygous Recessive is aa
Heterozygous has 2 different alleles (Aa)
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2 mins
Genotype vs. Phenotype
Genotype is the genetic makeup
Genotype is coded in DNA
Genotype is shown as 2 letters that represent 2 alleles
Genotype is the code for phenotype
Phenotype is physical appearance of organism
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1 min
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Constant Allele and Genotype frequencies with no evolutionary forces
Conditions for Equilibrium
No selection
Large population
No migration
Random mating
No net mutations
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55 secs
Chromosome and DNA
DNA is the blueprint for building an organism
A chromosome is packed with DNA
Chromosomes exist in pairs
Humans have 23 chromosome pairs
Chromosomes are found in the nucleus
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1 min
Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles
Lytic
Replicating
Bacteria Replication and Death
Lysogenic Cycle
Duplication of Genes
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3 mins
Protein Function, Missense, Nonsense, and Silent Mutations
Missense & Mutation Translated
Nonsense
Silent Mutation
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4 mins
Point Mutation, Insertions, and Deletions
Nucleotides
Transversion
Transition
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2 mins
Codon Overview
Characteristics
mRNA Read In Three Nucleotide Chunks
AUG Is Start Codon
Matching tRNA Anticodon
Amino Acid Specific (To Codon)
AUG Codes For Methionine
UAA, UAG And UGA Are Termination Codons
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2 mins
DNA Base Pairing
Characteristics
3' End
5' End
Antiparallel Base Pairing
Complementary Strands Pair
Thymine And Adenine Pair
2 Hydrogen Bonds
Adenine and Uracil Pair in RNA
Guanine And Cytosine Pair
3 Hydrogen Bonds
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3 mins
Nucleus
Characteristics
Transcription Factors
Nucleolus Transcribes rRNA
DNA
RNA
Nuclear Membrane is a Bilayer
Membrane is Continuous with Endoplasmic Reticulum
Nucleus Surrounded by Cytosol
Nuclear Pores
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2 mins

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