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SciFom Exam 4 Micro
Cryptococcus neoformans
Characteristics
Monomorphic
Encapsulated
Polysaccharide Capsule
Narrow-Based Buds
Latex Agglutination
Pigeons
India Ink
Mucicarmine stain
Signs and Symptoms
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Meningitis
Soap Bubble Lesions in Brain
Pneumonia
Treatment
Fluconazole
Flucytosine
Amphotericin
3 mins
Sporothrix Schenckii
Characteristics
Fungi
Thermally Dimorphic
Cigar-shaped Yeast Forms
Rose Thorn Prick
Packaging Peat Moss
Signs & Symptoms
Local Pustule or Ulcer
Nodules on Draining Lymphatics
Treatment
Potassium Iodide
Itraconazole
2 mins
Candida Albicans
Fungi
Yeast with Pseudohyphae at 20 Degrees C
Germ Tube Formation at 37 Degrees C
Pruritic Vaginitis
White Cottage Cheese Discharge
Fiery Red Mucosa
Diabetics
Antibiotic Use
Esophageal Thrush in Immunocompromised
Diaper Rash
Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
2 mins
Histoplasmosis
Fungi
2-5 um
Yeast Cells within Macrophages
Starling Bird Poop
Bat Poop
Caves
Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys
Pneumonia
Caseating Granuloma
Erythema Nodosum
1 min
Blastomyces
Characteristics
Fungi
Hyphae Form at 20°-25°C
Yeast Form at 37°C
Round Yeast
5-15 Micrometer (um or μm)
Single Broad-Based Buds
Thick Doubly-Refractive Walls
East of the Mississippi River and Around the Great Lakes
Signs and Symptoms
Pneumonia
Skin Infection
Bone Infection
Granulomatous Response
Treatment
Itraconazole
Amphotericin B
3 mins
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Fungi
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Fever
Hypoxemia
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Biopsy
Methenamine Silver Stain
Saucer/cup shaped yeast forms
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia CXR
TMP-SMX
Start prophylaxis when CD4 drops under 200
1 min
Diphyllobothrium Latum
Pathophysiology
Cestode (Tapeworm)
Ingestion of Larvae from Raw Fish
Competes for Vitamin B12
Megaloblastic Anemia
Treatment
Praziquantel
1 min
Echinococcus Granulosus
Pathophysiology
Cestode (Tapeworm)
Ingestion of Eggs from Dog Feces
Hydatid Cysts in Liver
Fibrosis and Necrosis
Anaphylaxis if Antigens Released
Treatment
Albendazole
Surgical Removal
1 min
Taenia Solium
Pathophysiology
Cestode (Tapeworm)
Taeniasis
Ingestion of Larvae in Undercooked Pork
Asymptomatic, in Bowels
Cysticercosis
Ingestion of Cestode Eggs
Skin, CNS and Muscles
Treatment
Albendazole
Praziquantel
1 min
Pinworm (Enterobius Vermicularis)
Pathophysiology
Nematode (Roundworm)
Ingestion of Eggs
Intestinal Infection
Anal Pruritus
Diagnosis
Scotch Tape Test
Treatment
Albendazole
Pyrantel Pamoate
2 mins
Loa Loa
Pathophysiology
Nematode (Roundworm)
Fly Bite
Calabar Swellings in Skin
Conjunctiva
Treatment
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
Albendazole
1 min
Onchocerca Volvulus
Pathophysiology
Nematode (Roundworm)
Female Blackfly Bite
Hyperpigmented Skin
River Blindness
Treatment
Ivermectin
1 min
Strongyloides Stercoralis
Pathophysiology
Nematode (Roundworm)
Larvae in Soil Penetrate Skin
Uncomplicated Disease
GI Distress
Loffler's Syndrome
Dermatitis
Disseminated Disease
Immunosuppressed
Treatment
Ivermectin
Albendazole
2 mins
Scabies
Pathophysiology
Sarcoptes Scabiei Mite
Signs & Symptoms
Pruritus
Papules with Burrows
Webs of Fingers and Toes
Axilla and Nipples
Diagnosis
Skin Scraping
Dermoscopy
Mites and Eggs on Magnification
Treatment
Permethrin Cream
Oral Ivermectin
Lindane Cream
Considerations
Wash All Linens In Hot Water
3 mins
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