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Spring 25 - Pediatrics
Age 4 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Keeps Head Steady Without Support
Pushes Up on Elbows While on Tummy
Fine Motor
Holds a Toy in Hands
Moves Hands Towards Mouth
Language/Communication
Cooing
Turns to Voice
Social / Cognitive
Chuckles
Enjoys Looking Around
Looks at Hands With Interest
Opens Mouth When Hungry
2 mins
Age 6 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Sits Propped Up On Hands
Rolls
Fine Motor
Raking Grasp
Language/Communication
Makes Squealing Noises
Blows "Raspberries"
Turn-Taking in Sounds
Social / Cognitive
Laughs
Enjoys Looking at Self in a Mirror
Recognizes Familiar People
Closes Lips to Signal Fullness
Puts Objects in Mouth
Reaches for Desired Toys
2 mins
Age 9 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Sits Up Independently
Fine Motor
Transfers Objects Between Hands
Uses Fingers to Pull Food Toward Self
Language/Communication
Produces Various Sounds Like "mamamama" and "bababababa"
Raises Arms to be Lifted Up
Social / Cognitive
Separation Anxiety
Shows Facial Expressions
Looks When Calling Name
Smiles or Laughs at Peek-a-boo
Looks for Dropped Objects Out of Sight
Bangs Two Items Together
2 mins
Age 1 Year - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Pulls Up to Stand
First Steps
Fine Motor
Drinks From an Open Cup with Assistance
Two-Finger Pincer Grasp
Language/Communication
Understands “No”
Waves "Bye-Bye"
"Mama & Dada"
Social / Cognitive
Plays Pat-A-Cake
Puts Block in Cup
Searches for Hidden Toys
2 mins
Age 18 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Walks Independently
Climbs On/Off Furniture Without Help
Fine Motor
Drinks from Open Cup Independently
Scribbles
Eats with Fingers
Tries to Use a Spoon
Stacks Three Blocks
Language/Communication
Attempts Three-word Phrases
Follows One-step Commands
Social / Cognitive
Checks While Moving Away
Points to Objects
Engages With Toys Simply
Copies Parent Doing Chores
Extends Hands for Washing
2 mins
Age 2 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Kicks a Ball
Runs
Walks Up Stairs With Help
Fine Motor
Stacks Six Blocks
Feeds Self With a Spoon
Language / Communication
Two-Word Phrases
Points to Book Items as Prompted
Demonstrates Varied Gestures
Identifies Body Parts When Prompted
Social / Cognitive
Shows Empathy
Holds and Manipulates Objects Simultaneously
Engages With Multiple Toys
2 mins
Age 3 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Starts Dressing Independently
Rides Tricycle
Fine Motor
Stack Nine Block Tower
Threads Items Together
Copies Circle
Uses Fork
Language / Communication
Engages in Two-way Conversation
75% Speech Understood by Stranger
Says First Name
Social / Cognitive
Avoids Hot Objects When Warned
Joins Other Kids in Play
2 mins
Age 4 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Unbuttons Some Buttons
Catches a Large Ball
Serves Food or Pours Water With Help
Fine Motor
Copies Line, Circle, Stick Figure
Language / Communication
100% Speech Understandable
Identifies Colors
Social/ Cognitive
Cooperative Play
Imaginary Friends
Likes Being a “Helper”
Avoids Danger
2 mins
Primitive Reflexes
Integrated Reflexes
Rooting Reflex
Sucking/Swallowing Reflex
Traction
Moro Reflex
Palmar Reflex
Spinal Galant Reflex
Plantar Grasp
Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR)
Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex (TLR)
Symmetric Tonic Neck (STNR)
Landau
Neck Righting
Body Righting
Babinski Reflex
3 mins
Postural Reflexes
Righting Reactions
Optical Head Righting
Labyrinthine Righting
Protective Reactions
Downward Parachute
Forward Parachute
Sideward Parachute
Backward Parachute
Equilibrium Reactions
Prone Tilting
Supine Tilting
Quadruped Tilting
Standing Tilting
5 mins
Visual Perceptual Hierarchy
Foundation of Visual Perceptual Hierarchy
Oculomotor Control
Visual Fields
Visual Acuity
Visual Perceptual Hierarchy
Visual Attention
Visual Scanning
Pattern Recognition
Visual Memory
Visual Cognition
Adaptation Through Vision
Mnemonic
A Child Makes Parents See Appropriately
3 mins
Imperforate Anus
Mechanism
Congenital Anorectal Malformation
Signs and Symptoms
No Anal Opening
Absence of Meconium
Gradual Increase in Abdominal Distention
Considerations
Surgical Repair
Bowel Management
2 mins
Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Cause
Esophageal Atresia
Ends in Blind Pouch
Assessment
Coughing
Choking
Cyanosis
Drooling
Considerations
NPO
Surgical Emergency
Aspiration Pneumonia
2 mins
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) Assessment
Mechanism
Hypertrophied Pylorus
Risk Factor
Macrolide Use
Assessment
3-6 Weeks of Age
Projectile Vomiting After Feeding
No Pain or Discomfort
Weight Loss
Dehydration
Hungry Baby
Olive Mass
2 mins
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) Interventions
Treatment
Pyloromyotomy
Preoperative Care
Stabilize Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Nasogastric Tube
Monitor Feeding
Postoperative Care
Start Formula or Breastfeeding Within 24 Hours
Feedings Every 4-6 hours
Full Feeding Within 2 days
2 mins
Cleft Lip or Palate Interventions
Considerations
Encourage Bonding
Prosthodontic Device
Modified Nipple
Burping
Surgical Repair
Normal Saline Rinse
Elbow Restraints
Avoid Rigid Eating Utensils
2 mins
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Cause/Mechanism
Maternal Infections
Fetal Hypoxia
Assessment
Developmental Delay
Neurological Dysfunction
Spasticity
Dysphagia
Interventions
Muscle Relaxants
Muscle Exercises
Assistive Devices
Braces
2 mins
Clubfoot
Cause/Mechanism
Multifactorial Congenital Anomalies
Fetal Position
Assessment
Deformed Foot and Ankle Position
Talipes Equinovarus
Interventions
Serial Casting
Ponseti Method
Early Surgery
2 mins
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Features
Blue Baby Syndrome
Mechanism
PROVe Acronym
Pulmonary Infundibular Stenosis
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Diagnosis and Treatment
Boot-Shaped Heart
Squatting for Tet Spells
Surgery
2 mins
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Continuous
Machine like murmur
Often Due to Congenital Rubella
Prematurity
1 min
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