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B7 Pharm Exam 3
Acne Vulgaris Presentation and Pathophysiology
Presentation
Papules/Comedones in Mild Cases
Blackheads Open, Whiteheads Closed
Pustules in Mild-Moderate Cases
Nodules/Cysts in Severe Cases
Pathophysiology
Inflammation at Hair Follicle/Sebaceous Gland
Increased Androgens
Colonization by Cutibacterium Acnes
3 mins
Clindamycin
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit
Blocks Translocation
Indications
Anaerobic Infections above the Diaphragm
Aspiration Pneumonia
Lung Abscess
Side Effects
Can Cause Pseudomembranous Colitis
1 min
Macrolides
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation
Macrolides
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Indications
Gram-Positive Cocci
Atypical Pneumonia
Chlamydia
Considerations
Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding
2 mins
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Drug Names
30S inhibitors
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
50S inhibitors
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Erythromycin
Lincomycin
Linezolid
3 mins
Vitamin A (Retinol) Function and Deficiency
Mechanism
Retinol
Constituent of Visual Pigments
Differentiation of Epithelial Cells into Specialized Tissue
Signs and Symptoms
Night Blindness
Dry Skin
Considerations
Used to Treat Measles
Antioxidant
2 mins
Vitamin A (Retinol) Toxicity
Signs and Symptoms
Alopecia
Vision Changes
Headache
Skin Changes
Hyperlipidemia
Hepatotoxicity
Arthralgias
Teratogen
Cleft palate
Cardiac Abnormalities
3 mins
Tetracycline Toxicities
Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
Teratogen
Discoloration of Teeth
Photosensitivity
GI Distress
2 mins
Tetracycline Mechanism
Binds to 30 S to Prevent Attachment of Aminoacyl tRNA
Limited CNS Penetration
Divalent Cations Inhibit Absorption
Must Not Take with Milk, Antacids, Iron
1 min
Tetracycline Drug Names and Indications
Drug Names
Demeclocycline
Minocycline
Doxycycline
Fecally Eliminated
Can be Used in Renal Failure
Indications
Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonist
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Borrelia burgdorferi
Helicobacter Pylori
Mycoplasma Pneumonia
3 mins
Contraception
Indications
Preventing Unplanned Pregnancy
Barrier Methods
Spermicides
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
Contraceptive Sponge
Male Condom
Hormonal Method
Oral Contraceptive
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Injectable Progestins
2 mins
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Mechanisms
Inhibition of Aldosterone
Potassium Retention
Indications
Hypertension
Edema
Heart Failure
Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
Endocrine Effects
Consideration
Avoid Potassium Supplements
2 mins
Metronidazole
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Forms Free Radical Toxic Metabolites
Damages DNA
Indications
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba Histolytica
Trichomonas
Gardnerella
Anaerobes
Side Effects
Metallic taste
Disulfiram like Reaction with Alcohol
2 mins
Rosacea
Characteristics
Episodes Provoked by Alcohol, Heat, or Emotions
Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea
Facial Flushing and Telangiectasias
Sun Protection
Topical Brimonidine
Papulopustular Rosacea
Papules and Pustules
Topical Metronidazole
Phymatous Rosacea
Rhinophyma
Laser Ablation
Considerations
Avoid Triggers
2 mins
Lice
Clinical Features
Pediculosis Capitis, Corporis, Pubis
Pruritis
Hyperpigmentation
Louse-borne Diseases
Trench Fever
Bartonella Quintana
Epidemic Typhus
Rickettsia Prowazekii
Relapsing Fever
Borrelia Recurrentis
Treatment
Permethrin
Malathion
Ivermectin
3 mins
Scabies
Pathophysiology
Sarcoptes Scabiei Mite
Signs & Symptoms
Pruritus
Papules with Burrows
Webs of Fingers and Toes
Axilla and Nipples
Diagnosis
Skin Scraping
Dermoscopy
Mites and Eggs on Magnification
Treatment
Permethrin Cream
Oral Ivermectin
Lindane Cream
Considerations
Wash All Linens In Hot Water
3 mins
Tacrolimus (Prograf) Overview
Mechanisms
Immunosuppressant
Inhibits Calcineurin, Decreasing IL-2
Indications
Transplant Rejection
Atopic Dermatitis
Considerations
Increased Lymphoma Risk
Avoid Grapefruit Juice
1 min
Tacrolimus (Prograf) Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
GI Distress
Infection
Hypertension
Hyperkalemia
Hyperglycemia
1 min
Vitiligo
Pathophysiology
Autoimmune Destruction of Melanocytes
Presentation
Hypopigmentation
Acral Areas and Around Orifices
Diagnosis
Clinical Presentation + Woods Lamp
Risk Factors
Other Autoimmune Diseases
Treatment
Glucocorticoids
Tacrolimus
Phototherapy
2 mins
Atopic Dermatitis / Eczema
Presentation
Pruritic Vesicles
Inflammatory Skin Rash
Cheeks in Children
Skin Flexural Areas
Associated with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis
Treatment
Tacrolimus
Moisturizers
Corticosteroids
Phototherapy
Avoid Triggers
Antihistamines
2 mins
Psoriasis
Presentation
Epidermal Hyperproliferation Keratinocytes
Defined Red Salmon Plaques
Silvery Scales
Extensor Surfaces
Bleeding when Removed
Auspitz Sign
Pruritus
Nail Changes
Histological Finding
Munro Microabscesses
Nucleated Cells in Stratum Corneum
Treatment
Retinoids
Topical Corticosteroids
Tar
Immunosuppressants
2 mins
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