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Bryan Shared "BBC Drugs 03" - 22 Picmonics

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BBC Drugs 03

Tetracycline Toxicities
Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
Teratogen
Discoloration of Teeth
Photosensitivity
GI Distress
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2 mins
Aminoglycosides
Drug Names
Gentamicin
Neomycin for Bowel Surgery Prep
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Inhibit Formation of Initiation Complex
Cause Misreading of mRNA
Require O2 for Uptake
Resistance
Resistance by Transferase Enzymes
Acetylation
Phosphorylation
Adenylation
Indications
Gram-Negative Rod Infections
Synergistic with B-Lactam Antibiotics
Side Effects
Nephrotoxicity Especially When Used with Cephalosporins
Ototoxicity Especially When Used with Loop Diuretics
Teratogen
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5 mins
Vancomycin Mechanism
Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal
Gram-Positive
Inhibits Cell Wall Mucopeptide
Binds to D-ala D-ala
Resistance with Change to D-ala D-lac
Staphylococcus aureus
Orally for Clostridium difficile
Enterococci
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2 mins
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
Side Effects
Thrombophlebitis
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
Prevent with Antihistamine
Prevent with Slow Infusion
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2 mins
Fluoroquinolones Antibiotics
-floxacin
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Topoisomerase II & IV
Bactericidal
Indications
Gram-negative Rods
Pneumonia
Gastrointestinal Infections
Urinary Tract Infection
Genital Infections
Drugs
Levofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin
Has Pseudomonas Coverage
Considerations
Avoid Polyvalent Cations
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3 mins
Fluoroquinolones Toxicities
Diarrhea
Skin Rash
Headache
Tendon Rupture in Adults
Myalgias in Kids
Damage to Cartilage
Teratogen
QT Prolongation
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1 min
Chloramphenicol
Mechanism
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits 50S Peptidyltransferase Activity
Indications
Meningitis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Pregnant Women
Side Effects
Anemia
Aplastic Anemia
Gray Baby Syndrome due to Decreased UDP-Glucuronyl Transferase
Resistance Caused by Plasmid Encoded Acetyltransferase
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2 mins
Macrolides
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation
Macrolides
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Indications
Gram-Positive Cocci
Atypical Pneumonia
Chlamydia
Considerations
Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding
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2 mins
Tetracycline Drug Names and Indications
Drug Names
Demeclocycline
Minocycline
Doxycycline
Fecally Eliminated
Can be Used in Renal Failure
Indications
Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonist
Chlamydia
Rickettsia
Borrelia burgdorferi
Helicobacter Pylori
Mycoplasma Pneumonia
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3 mins
Tetracycline Mechanism
Binds to 30 S to Prevent Attachment of Aminoacyl tRNA
Limited CNS Penetration
Divalent Cations Inhibit Absorption
Must Not Take with Milk, Antacids, Iron
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1 min
Sulfonamides Mechanisms
Bacteriostatic
Gram-Positive
Gram-Negative
Nocardia
Chlamydia
PABA antimetabolites
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfisoxazole
Sulfadiazine
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1 min
Sulfonamides Side Effects
Side Effects
Hypersensitivity
Nephrotoxicity
Photosensitivity
Kernicterus in Infants
Displaces Warfarin from Albumin
Considerations
Hemolysis with G6PD Deficiency
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3 mins
P450 Inhibitors
Quinidine
Ciprofloxacin
Isoniazid
Grapefruit Juice
Acute Alcohol Use
Erythromycin (Macrolide)
Indinavir
Cimetidine
Sulfonamides
Ketoconazole
Amiodarone
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2 mins
Trimethoprim
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits Bacterial Dihydrofolate Reductase
Causes Sequential Block of Folate Synthesis
Used in Combination with Sulfamethoxazole
Combination Used For Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
Indications
Shigella
Salmonella
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia
Side Effects
Decrease in Red and White Blood Cells
Alleviated with Leucovorin Rescue
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2 mins
Polymyxins
Mechanism of Action
Cationic
Act Like Detergents
Bind to Cell Membranes of Bacteria
Disrupt Their Osmotic Properties
Indications
Resistant Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Neurotoxicity
Renal tubular necrosis
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3 mins
Imipenem
Mechanism
Resistant to Beta-Lactamases
Broad Spectrum
Indications
Anaerobes
Gram-Negative Rods
Gram-Positive Cocci
Must Administer with Cilastatin
Cilastatin is Inhibitor of Renal Dehydropeptidase I
Side Effects
Diarrhea
Skin Rash
Seizures
Considerations
Meropenem
Stable to Dehydropeptidase I
Reduced Risk of Seizures (Non-Seizure Causing)
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2 mins
Clindamycin
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit
Blocks Translocation
Indications
Anaerobic Infections above the Diaphragm
Aspiration Pneumonia
Lung Abscess
Side Effects
Can Cause Pseudomembranous Colitis
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1 min
Metronidazole
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Forms Free Radical Toxic Metabolites
Damages DNA
Indications
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba Histolytica
Trichomonas
Gardnerella
Anaerobes
Side Effects
Metallic taste
Disulfiram like Reaction with Alcohol
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2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Mechanism, Treatment and Complications
Mechanism and Characteristics
Systemic Autoimmune Disease
9:1 female to male ratio
Treatment
Glucocorticoids
NSAIDS
Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclophosphamide
Complications
Lupus nephritis
Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
Secondary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Other
Drug-induced lupus
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2 mins
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Characteristics
Pathophysiology
Small Vessel Vasculitis
Necrotizing
Lungs and Upper Airway
Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
DIAGNOSTICS
c-ANCA
X-ray
Multiple Nodules in Lungs
Treatment
Cyclophosphamide
Corticosteroids
Rituximab
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3 mins

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