Nat Shared "Fundamentals" - 15 Picmonics
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Fundamentals
Vital Signs - Adult
- Temperature (96.8-100.4 Degrees F) (36-38 Degrees C)
- Rectal
- Tympanic
- Oral
- Axillary
- Temporal
- Respiration (12-20)
- Oxygen Saturation (95%-100%)
- Pulse (60-100)
- Blood Pressure (<120/80)
- Pain
2 mins
Neurovascular Assessment 6 P's
- Pain
- Paresthesia
- Pulse
- Pallor
- Pressure
- Paralysis
1 min
Glasgow Coma Scale
- LOC Assessment
- Score of 3 to 15
- 8 or Less = Coma
- Eye Opening
- Verbal Response
- Motor Response
1 min
Level of Consciousness: Descriptive guide for Glasgow Coma Scale
- Conscious
- Confused
- Delirious
- Somnolent
- Obtunded
- Stuporous
- Comatose
3 mins
Pain Assessment
- Types of Pain
- Acute Pain
- Chronic Pain
- OPQRST Mnemonic
- Onset
- Provoking or Palliative
- Quality
- Radiation
- Severity
- Timing
- Nursing Considerations
- Subjective Findings
- Objective Findings
- Reassessment of Pain
2 mins
Child and Elder Physical Abuse Assessment
- Physical Abuse
- Inconsistent Injuries
- Delay in Treatment
- Various Stages of Healing
- Child Abuse
- Symmetrical Burns
- Sexually Transmitted Infection
- Bloody/Torn Undergarments
- Shaken Baby Syndrome
- Elder Abuse
- Poor Hygiene
- Overmedication
2 mins
Fever
- Flushed skin, warm to touch
- Chills
- Sweating
- Change in LOC
- Provide adequate fluids
- Monitor Electrolytes and Fluid
- Monitor vital signs, esp temperature
- Remove excess clothing and blankets
- Sponge bath with tepid water
2 mins
Routes of Administration Part One
- Enteral Administration
- Oral
- Sublingual
- Buccal
- Rectal
- Tubes
- Topical or Mucous Membrane Administration
- Transdermal
- Drops/Spray
- Vaginal
- Inhalation Administration
- Inhalation
2 mins
Routes of Administration Part Two (Parenteral)
- Parenteral Administration
- Intradermal
- Subcutaneous
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Intravenous
- Epidural
- Intrathecal
- Intraosseous
- Intraperitoneal
2 mins
Eye Medication Administration
- Procedure
- Supine with Neck Hyperextended
- Wash Away Crusts
- Cotton Ball on Cheekbone
- For Ophthalmic Drops
- Instill Drops into Conjunctival Sac
- Repeat if Missed or Patient Blinks
- 5 Minutes Before 2nd Medication
- For Ophthalmic Ointment
- Thin Stream Along Inner Edge
- Inner Canthus to Outer Canthus
2 mins
Ear Drops Medication Administration
- Indications
- Earwax Buildup
- Ear Infections
- Pulling The Pinna
- Child - Back and Downward
- Adult - Back and Upward
- Procedure
- Side-Lying with Ear Up
- Instill Medication
- Stay for 2-3 Minutes
- Nursing Considerations
- Room Temperature
- May Massage Tragus
- Perforated Eardrum
2 mins
Needle Sizes and Uses
- Adjust Size Based on Height/Weight
- Subcutaneous Injections
- 3/8 or 5/8 inch
- Intramuscular (IM)
- 1-1.5 inches
1 min
Parenteral Medications
- Intravenous (IV)
- Fast-Acting
- Greatest Risk
- Intramuscular (IM)
- Common Injections Sites: Deltoid, Vastus Lateralis, Ventrogluteal, and Dorsogluteal Muscles
- Absorbed Fast
- Vaccines and Epinephrine
- 3 mL Limit
- Subcutaneous (SC)
- Common Injections Sites: Abdomen, Arm, and Thigh
- Absorbed Slower
- Insulin and Hormones
- Small Volumes
- Intradermal (ID)
- Common Injection Sites: Back of Forearm and Upper Back
- Longest to Absorb
- Tuberculosis and Allergy Testing
- Under 0.5 mL
5 mins
Intramuscular Medication (IM) Administration
- Risks
- Injury to Nerves, Bone, and Blood Vessels
- Sites
- Deltoid
- Vastus Lateralis
- Ventrogluteal
- Nursing Considerations
- Selection of Needle Length
- Aseptic Technique for Drawing Up
- Z-Track
- 90 Degree Angle
- Max Amount (2-5 mL Adult, 1 mL Child)
- Techniques to Reduce Pain
2 mins
Intradermal Medication Administration
- SKIN TESTING
- Tuberculin Screening
- Allergy Testing
- INTRADERMAL SITES
- Dermis
- Inner Forearm or Upper Back
- INTRADERMAL Injection
- 1mL Syringe (26 or 27 Gauge Needle)
- 5 to 15 Degrees
- Small Bleb
2 mins
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