Shiza Shared "GI Exam 2" - 42 Picmonics
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GI Exam 2
Acute Appendicitis Treatment
- Diagnosis
- CT Scan
- Treatment
- Immediate Appendectomy
- NPO
- IV Fluids
- Antibiotics
- Perforation
- Tertiary Intention
- Antibiotics Until Afebrile
2 mins
Acute Cholangitis Characteristics and Clinical Features
- Characteristics
- Biliary Tract Infection
- Biliary Tract Obstruction
- Clinical Features
- Charcot's Triad
- Fever
- Jaundice
- Abdominal Pain
- Reynold's Pentad
- + Hypotension
- + Altered Mental Status
2 mins
Appendicitis
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- Fecalith leading to obstruction and infection
- Most commonly affects teenagers
- Presentation
- Initial peri-umbilical visceral pain
- Subsequent somatic right lower quadrant pain
- Diagnosis
- Rebound tenderness
- Positive psoas sign
- Pain at McBurney's point
- Leukocytosis
- Fever
- Treatment
- Appendectomy
1 min
Ascending Cholangitis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Imaging
- ERCP
- CT Scan
- Ultrasound
- Biliary Duct Dilation and/or Stones
- Labs
- Hyperbilirubinemia
- Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase
- Elevated GGT
- Treatment
- Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
- Biliary Drainage
4 mins
Bile
- Synthesis and Circulation
- Synthesized Continuously By Hepatocytes
- Cholesterol 7 Alpha-Hydroxylase Rate Limiting Step
- Stored In Gallbladder
- Secreted Into Duodenum
- Bile Salts Reabsorbed In Terminal Ileum
- Returned To Liver Via Portal Circulation
- Composition
- Bilirubin
- Bile Salts
- Cholesterol And Phospholipids
- Ions And Water
4 mins
Cholecystitis Assessment
- RUQ Pain
- Referred Shoulder Pain
- Clay Colored Stools
- Jaundice
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Fever
- Considerations
- Increased WBCs
- Fatty or Spicy Foods
- Ultrasound
2 mins
Cholecystitis Causes
- Gallbladder Inflammation
- 6 Fs
- Female
- Fair (Caucasian)
- Fat (Obese)
- Fertile (Pregnant)
- Forty (Advanced Age Over 40)
- Flatulence
2 mins
Cholecystitis Interventions
- Supportive Therapy
- Antibiotics
- Low Fat Diet
- NG Tube
- Analgesics
- Lithotripsy
- Cholecystectomy
- T Tube
2 mins
Colorectal Cancer Assessment
- 3rd Most Common Cancer
- Assessment
- Change in Bowel Habits
- Bowel Obstruction
- Rectal Bleeding
- Anemia
- Weight Loss
- Ascites
- Considerations
- Colonoscopy
- FOBT and FIT
2 mins
Colorectal Cancer Interventions
- Interventions
- Surgical Colon Resection
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Considerations
- Bowel Cleansing
- Screening
- Colostomy
- Dietary Consult
- Body Image
3 mins
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Assessment
- Diverticulosis
- Outpouching
- Diverticulitis
- Inflamed Diverticula
- Assessment
- Abdominal Pain
- Abdominal Distention
- Flatulence
- Fever
- Rectal Bleeding
- Alternating Constipation and Diarrhea
- Considerations
- Peritonitis
2 mins
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis Interventions
- Interventions
- High Fiber Diet
- Reduce Intra-abdominal Pressure
- Stool Softeners
- Exercise
- Anticholinergics
- Considerations
- Antibiotics
- Bowel Resection
2 mins
Gallstones (Part 1/2)
- Characteristics
- Cholelithiasis
- Pathophysiology
- Increased Bilirubin
- Increased Cholesterol
- Stasis
- Decreased Bile Salts
- Risk Factors
- Cholesterol Stones are the Most Common Type
- Fat, Female, Fertile, Forty, Fair Complexion
- Crohn's Disease
- Rapid Weight Loss
- Estrogen Therapy
- Native American
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Treatment
- Cholecystectomy
3 mins
Gallstones (Part 2/2)
- Cholesterol Stones
- Cholesterol Stones are the Most Common Type
- Radiolucent
- Pigmented Stones
- Black Pigment Stones
- Hemolysis
- Brown Pigment Stones
- Infection
- Radiopaque
2 mins
Hernia Interventions
- Reduce Intra Abdominal Pressure
- Avoid Straining and Lifting
- Open Mouth Sneezing
- Excision
- Herniorrhaphy
- Hernioplasty
- Consideration
- Scrotal Support
1 min
Hirschsprung Disease
- Failure of Neural Crest Cell Migration
- Involves Rectum
- Lack of Auerbach and Meissner Plexus
- Chronic Constipation
- Failure to Pass Meconium
- Congenital Megacolon
- Increased Risk with Down Syndrome
- RET Mutations
2 mins
Intussusception
- Pathophysiology
- Telescoping of Bowel Segments
- Lead Point
- Assessment
- Episodic Abdominal Pain
- Diarrhea
- Sausage-Shaped Mass
- Red Currant Jelly Stools
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound/CT
- Target Sign
- Considerations
- More Common in Children
- Rotavirus Vaccine Contraindicated
- Management
- Air or Hydrostatic Enema
- Surgical Reduction
3 mins
Jaundice
- General
- Due To Elevated Conjugated Or Unconjugated Bilirubin
- Unconjugated
- Hemolysis
- Crigler-Najjar Or Gilbert's Syndrome
- Physiologic Jaundice Of Newborn
- Conjugated
- Biliary Obstruction From Stone Or Mass
- Cholangitis
- Dubin-Johnson And Rotor Syndrome
- Mixed
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatitis
5 mins
Porcelain Gallbladder
- Characteristics
- Associated with Chronic Cholecystitis or Cholelithiasis
- Increased Risk of Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma
- Presentation
- RUQ Pain
- Usually Asymptomatic
- Often Found Incidentally
- Workup/Management
- Confirm with CT or Ultrasound
- Prophylactic Cholecystectomy
3 mins
Types of Hernias
- Hiatal
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Inguinal
- Men
- Femoral
- Women
- Incisional
- Umbilical
- Consideration
- Strangulation
1 min
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